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Autobiographical Dictation, 6 June 1906 ❉ Textual Commentary

Source documents.

TS1      Typescript, leaves numbered 837–46 (altered in pencil to 846–55), made from Hobby’s notes and revised.
TS2      Typescript, leaves numbered 991–1000, made from the revised TS1 and further revised in pencil.

Hobby incorporated Clemens’s TS1 revisions into TS2, on which the only revision is the deletion of a passage, in pencil (at 98.42). Clemens did, however, select an excerpt from it for possible publication in NAR, omitting about four typescript pages from the middle describing the visit of the ‘beautiful American foreigner’. None of the text appeared in NAR. For an explanation of the entries with instructions to ‘HERE INSERT THE TALE’ and ‘Insert here the Furnival tale’ (97.4, 97.6), see the Textual Commentary for the AD of 4 June 1906.

Marginal Notes on TS2 Concerning Publication in NAR

Location on TS Writer, Medium Exact Inscription Explanation
TS2, p. 991 SLC, pencil 2 R p number of NAR pages
TS2, p. 992 SLC, pencil SKIP to PAGE 996 passage deleted omit the text from ‘promised to’ (97.24) to ‘said, this’ (98.39)
TS2, p. 996 SLC, pencil Resume here resume the text at ‘was the last’ (98.39)
[begin page 97]
Wednesday, June 6, 1906

The celebrationstextual note at York Harbor—Mrs. Clemens’s failing health—She entertains,textual note for the last time, the beautiful “American foreigner” introduced by Carmen Sylva—The return to Riverdale in invalid’s car—The season of unveracity.textual note

In York Harbor. textual note

York Harbortextual note consists of a widelytextual note scattered cluster of independent little villages called York, York Harbor, York Village,textual note York Centretextual note, Westtextual note York, East York, South York—I think those are the names, but I am not certain, and it is not important. The whole of them together are bunched under one simple, rational name, York. About the 6th of August a celebration broke out among these hives—a celebration in commemoration of the two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of the institution of municipal self-constitutedtextual note government on the continent of Americaexplanatory note. For two or three days there were quaint back-settlement processions, mass meetings, orations, and so on, by day, and fireworks by night.

Mrs. Clemens was always young, and these things had a strong interest for her. She even took more interest in my speeches than I took in them myself. During three days she went about behind horses in the daytime, and by boat at night, seeing and hearing and enjoying all that was going on. She was over-exerting herself, overtaxing her strength, and she began to show it. With difficulty I persuaded her to forego the grand performances of the closing night, and we observed their firework effects from the piazza, across the intervening distance of two or three miles. But my interference had come too late. The overtaxing of her strength had already been over-sufficient.

The next afternoon was the last she ever spent in this life as a person personally and intimately connected with this world’stextual note affairs. It was the last time she was to receive and entertain a visitor. This visit promised to be commonplace, and instantly and easily forgetable, but by grace of my native talent for making innocent and discomforting blunders, it wasn’t. The visitor was a lady. She had forwarded to us a letter of introduction and now she wastextual note come, upon our invitation, to spend the afternoon and dine with us. She was a beautiful creature. She said she was thirty years old and had been married fifteen years. Her manner, and her English, would have convicted her of being of foreign origin, and if any evidence were needed to clinch the conviction and justify the verdict, it was present in her alien and unpronounceable name, which no inexperienced Christian might try to pronounce and live. Yet she was not a foreigner at all. She was American born, of native American parents. Her tongue had never known any language but the American language until she married that unpronounceable foreigner, at fifteen, in Paris. Her English was quaint and pretty, graceful, and understandable, but it was not English.

The letter of introduction which she had forwarded to me was one of those formidable great missives which are the specialty of royalty, and it was from the Queen of Rumania. It said that the bearer and her husband, who was a Rumanian nobleman, had resided at [begin page 98] the Rumanian court for fifteen years, where the husband had held an important post under the Government. The letter spoke affectionately of the wife. It also said that she was a highly accomplished musician and competent to teach, and that she was returning to her own country in the hope of being able to earn a living there by teachingexplanatory note. Her Majesty thought that perhaps I could be useful in findingtextual note classes for this exiled friend of hers. Carmen Sylva’s letter was in English, a language of which she is a master, and the letter explained why these people, so comfortably nested in her court and in her affections for fifteen years, were suddenly become exiles, wanderers in the earth, friendless, forlorn, and driven to earn their bread by the sweat of their accomplishments. But just as we were going to find out what it was that had caused this disaster—if it was a disaster—just as my wife and I had reached the summit of eagerness to get at the kernel of that interesting secret, the Queen delivered that kernel in French textual note. It was a single phrase—two or three words—but they made a combination which we had never encountered before and which we were not able to cipher out the meaning of. The Queen said in substance—I have forgotten the exact words—that the husband had been obliged to resign his post, or posts, and retire from the court on account of—then followed that fiendish French sentence. For a moment I was so exasperated that I wished I never had learned the French language—plainly a language likely to fail a person at the crucial moment.

At mid-afternoon Mrs. Clemens, the beautiful American foreigner, and I, sat grouped together and chatting on the piazza. I had in my hand the current North American Review, fresh, enticing, inviting, with the fragrance of the printer’s ink still breathing from its pages and making me long to open it and see what was in it. That court-bredtextual note creature had her eyes about her. She was accustomed to reading people’s concealed feelings and desires by help of treacherous exterior indications such as attitude, fidgets, and so on. She saw what was the matter with me, and she most winningly and beseechingly asked me to open the magazine and read aloud. I was most cordially grateful. I opened the magazine, and the first thing that attracted me was an article by an Austrian prince on Dueling in Court and Military circles on the Continent of Europeexplanatory note. It profoundly interested me, and I read along with vigor and emphasis. The Prince was hostile to the dueling system. He told of the measures which were being taken by generals and great nobles in Austria—particularly in Austria, I think—to abolish the system. In the course of his uncompromising indictment of the system he remarked upon the fact that no importanttextual note official on the continenttextual note of Europe could decline a challenge, from any motive whatever, and not by that act cover himself and his family with shame and disgrace and be thenceforth spurned and ignored by the society in which they moved, and even by their friends.

I happened to lift my eyes—that poor woman’s face was as white as marble! The French phrase stood translatedexplanatory note!textual note I did not read any more, and we hurriedly changed to some other topic.

As I have said, this was the last incident in Mrs. Clemens’s social life—a life in which she had been active and which she had enjoyed with all her heart from the days of her young girlhood. It was the last incident—it closed that volume. It prefaced the next and final volume of her existence in this earth.textual note

[begin page 99]

At seven the next morning (August the 11thtextual note) I was wakened by a cry. I saw Mrs. Clemens standing on the opposite side of the room, leaning against the wall for support, and panting. She said “I am dying.”

I helped her back to the bed and sent for Dr. Leonard, a New York physician. He said it was a nervous break down, and that nothing but absolute rest, seclusion, and careful nursing, could help her. That was the beginning. During the twenty-two succeeding months she had for society,textual note physicians and trained nurses only, broadly speaking.textual note

The next sixty days were anxious ones for usexplanatory note. When we entered the month of October, it was a question if we could get her back to Riverdale. We could not venture transportation by Mr. Rogers’s yacht. She would not be able to endure the sea effect. At last we resolved to try the rather poor contrivance called an invalid’s car. I call it a poor contrivance because while it is spacious, andtextual note has plenty of room in it for all the friends and nurses and physicians you need, it has one very great defect—the invalid’s bed is stationary and immovable, and responds to every jump and jerk and whirl of the train, whereas if it were suspended from the roof by elastic ropes, hammock fashion, the invalid would never feel a jolt or a quiver. We secured a special train to take this car to Boston and around Boston. Then we hitched it to a regular express train which delivered us in the Grand Central Station in New York on time. A locomotive stood ready and waiting, and in fifteen minutes it delivered us at our home, Riverdaleexplanatory note.

The Siege and Season of Unveracity. textual note

The burly English butler carried Mrs. Clemens up stairstextual note to her bed and left her there with the trained nurse. When he closed that bedroom door he shut the truth out from that bed-chambertextual note forever more. The physician, Dr. Moffat, came once or twice a day and remained a few minutes. If any doctor-liestextual note were needed he faithfully furnished them. When the trained nurseexplanatory note was on duty she furnished such lies as were needful. Clara stood a daily watch of three or four hours, and hers was a hard office indeed. Daily she sealed up in her heart a dozen dangerous truths, and thustextual note saved her mother’s life and hope and happiness with holy lies. She had never told her mother a lie in her life before, and I may almost say that she never told her a truth afterward. It was fortunate for us all that Clara’s reputation for truthfulness was so well established in her mother’s mind. It was our daily protection from disaster. The mother never doubted Clara’s word. Clara could tell her large improbabilities without exciting any suspicion, whereas if I had tried to market even a small and simple one the case would have been different. I was never able to get a reputation like Clara’s. It would have been useful to me now, but it was too late to begin the labor of securing it, and I furnished no information in the bed-chamber.textual note But my protection lay in the fact that I was allowed in the bed-chambertextual note only once a day, then for only two minutes. The nurse stood at the door with her watch in her hand and turned me outtextual note when the time was up.

My room was next to Mrs. Clemens’s, with a large bath-roomtextual note between. I could not talk with her, but I could correspond by writing. Every night I slipped a letter under the [begin page 100] bath-roomtextual note door that opened near her bed—a letter which contained no information about current events, and could do no harm. She responded, with pencil, once or twice a day—at first at some length, but as the months dragged along and her strength grew feebler, she put her daily message of love in trembling characters upon little scraps of paper, and this she continued until the day she died.

I have mentioned that Clara’s post was difficult, and indeed it was.

Textual Notes Wednesday, June 6, 1906
  celebrations ●  celebrations (TS1)  celebration (TS2) 
  entertains, ●  entertains,  (TS1-Hobby, TS2-Hobby) 
  unveracity. ●  unveracity. HERE INSERT THE TALE (Was’t Heaven—or Hell? | Insert it here. | —here SLC first wanted to insert the text of the story below the dateline, then above it  (TS1-SLC)  unveracity. (TS2) 
  In York Harbor.  ●  In York Harbor. ‘In . . . Harbor.’ underscored  (TS1-SLC)  In York Harbor. (TS2) 
  [¶] York Harbor ●  [¶] (Insert here the Furnival tale, when Howells sends it.) [¶] (Follow Howells’s narrative with the article “Was It Heaven or Was It Hell?”) [¶] York Harbor (TS1-SLC)  [¶] York Harbor (TS2) 
  widely ●  slightly widely  (TS1-SLC)  widely (TS2) 
  York, York Harbor, York Village, ●  York, York Harbor, York Village,  (TS1-SLC)  York, York Harbor, York Village, (TS2) 
  Centre ●  Center (TS1, TS2) 
  West ●  West  (TS1-SLC)  West (TS2) 
  self-constituted ●  self-constituted (TS1-Hobby)  self-constituted (TS2) 
  this world’s ●  its this world’s  (TS1-SLC)  this world’s (TS2) 
  she was ●  she was (TS1)  was (TS2) 
  finding ●  finding  (TS1-Hobby)  finding (TS2) 
  French  ●  French ‘French’ underscored  (TS1-SLC)  French  (TS2) 
  court-bred ●  court-bred (TS1-SLC)  court-bred (TS2) 
  important ●  great important  (TS1-SLC)  important (TS2) 
  continent ●  Continent (TS1, TS2) 
  translated! ●  translated. ! period mended to an exclamation point  (TS1-SLC)  translated! (TS2) 
  earth. ●  earth. And I think I would remember it because of this distinction, even if it had been commonplace and colorless. But it was not commonplace. It was not colorless. It stands out sharply in my memory and will remain so, I think. (TS1)  earth. And I think I would remember it because of this distinction, even if it had been commonplace and colorless. But it was not commonplace. It was not colorless. It stands out sharply in my memory and will remain so, I think. revised in pencil  (TS2-SLC) 
  11th ●  eleventh (TS1, TS2) 
  society, ●  society,  (TS1-SLC)  society, (TS2) 
  only, broadly speaking. ●  only. , broadly speaking.  (TS1-SLC)  only, broadly speaking. (TS2) 
  spacious, and ●  spacious; , and semicolon mended to a comma  (TS1-SLC)  spacious and (TS2) 
  The Siege and Season of Unveracity  ●  The Siege and Season of Unveracity ‘The Siege and Season of Unveracity’ underscored  (TS1-SLC)  The Siege and Season of Unveracity (TS2) 
  up stairs ●  upstairs (TS1)  up- | stairs (TS2) 
  bed-chamber ●  bedchamber (TS1, TS2) 
  doctor-lies ●  D doctor-lies ‘D’ marked for lowercase with a slash and ‘l.c.’  (TS1-SLC)  doctor-lies (TS2) 
  truths, and thus ●  truths, and thus  (TS1-SLC)  truths, and thus (TS2) 
  bed-chamber. ●  bedchamber. If I had furnished lies they would have been recognized. If I had furnished the truth it would not have been believed.  (TS1-SLC)  bedchamber. (TS2) 
  bed-chamber ●  bedchamber (TS1, TS2) 
  out ●  out promptly  (TS1-SLC)  out (TS2) 
  bath-room ●  bathroom (TS1, TS2) 
  bath-room ●  bathroom (TS1, TS2) 
Explanatory Notes Wednesday, June 6, 1906
 

celebration in commemoration of . . . municipal self-constituted government on the continent of America] York, Maine, chartered as Gorgeana in 1642 and then rechartered and renamed in 1652, celebrated its 250th anniversary as “the first city in America” in August 1902 (“The Old Town of York,” New York Tribune, 3 Aug 1902, “Illustrated Supplement,” 2; Baxter 1904, 34, 38–43).

 

visitor was a lady . . . earn a living there by teaching] The visitor, Florence Hartwig, was a singer and voice teacher who had left America to study in Europe at the age of fourteen. She was married to Elias Hartwig, a German businessman living in Bucharest, where she became a lady-in-waiting and singer in the court of Elisabeth (1843–1916), queen of Romania. She visited the Clemenses in August 1902 bearing a letter of introduction from the queen, written on 9 May. Elisabeth of Romania was born in Germany and married at twenty-six to Prince Carol of Romania, who became king in 1881. Known for her benevolent and charitable works, she also wrote prolifically—poetry, fairy stories, plays, and novels—under the pseudonym “Carmen Sylva.” She had been a friend and admirer of Clemens’s since his sojourn in Vienna at the Hotel Metropole in 1897–98: in her letter she thanked him for “every beautiful thought you poured into my tired heart and for every smile on a weary way!” He was fond of one of her books, A Real Queen’s Fairy Tales, and in an essay published in April 1902 in the North American Review he described her as a “charming and lovable German princess and poet” (SLC 1902b, 437; “A Favorite at Carmen Sylva’s Court,” Philadelphia Inquirer, 31 May 1903, “Woman’s Magazine,” 2; Elisabeth of Romania to SLC, 9 May 1902, CU-MARK, in MTL, 2:726–27; MTB, 2:1062; Gribben 1980, 1:218–19).

 

article by an Austrian prince on Dueling in Court and Military circles on the Continent of Europe] The article, “The Effort to Abolish the Duel” by Prince Alfonso Carlos of Bourbon and Austria-Este (1849–1936), appeared in the North American Review for August 1902 (Alfonso Carlos 1902).

 

poor woman’s face was as white as marble! The French phrase stood translated] In her letter Queen Elisabeth explained that Hartwig’s husband had been forced to leave “quite a brilliant situation” in Bucharest after he “refused to participate in une affaire onéreuse” (“a tiresome affair”). Evidently Hartwig’s reaction to the article on dueling led Clemens to conclude that the phrase was equivalent to “une affaire d’honneur”—that is, a duel (Elisabeth of Romania to SLC, 9 May 1902, CU-MARK, in MTL, 2:726–27). In 1904 Clemens wrote a letter of endorsement for Hartwig, citing the queen’s praise (16 Nov 1904 to “Whom It May Concern,” photocopy in CU-MARK, in MTL, 2:727).

 

next sixty days were anxious ones for us] On 13 October Clemens wrote, “We thought it was heart disease, & for 4 weeks we had but little hope. But she will get well—they all say it. If we only could get home to Riverdale!” (13 Oct 1902 to Pears, CtY-BR).

 

We secured a special train . . . delivered us at our home, Riverdale] “We left York Harbor at about 9 yesterday morning in an invalid car & special train,” Clemens wrote to Laurence Hutton 16 October, “& reached the Grand Central at 5.40; special engine rushed us up to Riverdale in 20 minutes—a long & rough journey for a sick person & terribly fatiguing” (16 Oct 1902 to Hutton, NjP-SC). He recorded in his notebook that the trip cost $339 (Notebook 45, TS p. 30, CU-MARK).

 

trained nurse] Margaret Garrety, who was hired on 28 September and discharged on 23 October; Clemens found her to be “vain, silly, self-important, untrustworthy, a most thorough fool, & a liar by instinct & training” (Notebook 45, TS pp. 29–30, 32, CU-MARK).