Mr. Clemens returns to Dublin after a four or five weeks’ vacation spent partly in New York attending to business matters connected with “Library of Humor,” and partly at Fairhaven with Mr. Rogers—The Laura Wright episode; first meeting on Mississippi steamboat, and letter just received.
I am back again in this country house in the New Hampshire hills after an absence of four or five weeks—since about the 25th of June. The chapter which precedes the present one, and which is dated New York JulyⒶtextual note 17th, explains the cause of this absence. I dictated that chapter in New York, at the time, in order that I might get the details crystallized into language while they were fresh in my mind.
[begin page 149]The sudden spewing of that “Library of Humor” upon an unoffending public, under my name and ostensibly by my authority, was one of the most unexpected things that has ever happened to me. For cool impudence and cold rascality, I doubt if the match of it can be found anywhere in the history of book publishing. I went down to New York full of a warm desire to make trouble, but of course I consulted H. H. Rogers before committing any overt acts, for many years of edifying experience have taught me that whenever in a matter of business I proceed without first taking Mr. Rogers’s judgment upon the matter, I do the wrong thing. In the present case, he advised that I make no public trouble; no public exposure of Mr. Duneka. He said that an exposure of Duneka would be an exposure of the House of Harper and Brothers, whereas the House of Harper and Brothers was not present to defend itself, since ColonelⒶtextual note Harvey, the head of it, was in Europe. Edward Lauterbach, my legal counsel, being of the like opinion, no noise was made.
Mr. Lauterbach telephoned Duneka to come and talk about the matter. Duneka was deposited in one of Mr. Lauterbach’s offices, and Lauterbach wanted me to go in there and talk with him. I said he had already advised me not to make any trouble—still I was willing to take the new advice, but thought it would be best if I should first rehearse before Lauterbach and the Harper lawyer, LarkinⒺexplanatory note, who was present, the remarks I should make to Mr. Duneka. I rehearsed—and they both said “Try it in a church first”—and they agreed that I could do more good staying out of that conference than by trying to assist it.
I had several points to make, but was quite willing to confine myself to the principal one and leave the others alone until the head of the CorporationⒶtextual note should get back from England, which would be in the course of a week or two. That principal point was the instant suppression of that bastard book and the destruction of the plates and all copies of the book that were in the Harpers’ hands. That was all that I required of Mr. Duneka, and he was effusively glad to comply, and was full of apologies and regrets for what he had done.
While waiting for Harvey’s return from England, I lived on board Mr. Rogers’s yacht, nights, lying at anchor far down the Bay, where it was cool, returning to the city at breakfast-timeⒶtextual note, mornings, and living at home, at 21 Fifth Avenue, during the days, whence I transacted such other business as came my way, by telephone. Fridays, at 9Ⓐtextual note a.m., we sailed for Fairhaven, MassachusettsⒶtextual note, Mr. Rogers’s country home, a trip of about eight hours, by that smart boat. We spent the Saturday, and half of each Sunday, there, then sailed for New York again at lunch-timeⒶtextual note, Sundays. It was the pleasantest vacation I have ever had in my life, and I was not gratified when my business finally released me and permitted me to get back to the hills and go to work.
One day in Fairhaven, while playing billiards with a member of the family, a chance remark called to my mind an early sweetheart of mine, and I fell to talking about her. I hadn’t seen her for forty-eight years; but no matter, I found that I remembered her quite vividly, and that she possessed a lively interest for me notwithstanding that prodigious interval of time that had spread its vacancy between her and me. She wasn’t yet fifteen when I knew her. It was in the summertime, and she had gone down the Mississippi [begin page 150] from St. Louis to New Orleans as guest of a relative of hers who was a pilotⒺexplanatory note on the John J. Roe, a steamboat whose officers I knew very well, as I had served a term as steersman in that boat’s pilot-house. She was a freighter. She was not licensed to carry passengers, but she always had a dozen on board, and they were privileged to be there because they were not registered; they paid no fare; they were guests of the Captain, and nobody was responsible for them if anything of a fatal nature happened to them. It was a delightful old tug, and she had a very spacious boiler-deck—just the place for moonlight dancing and daylight frolics, and such things were always happening. She was a charmingly leisurely boat, and the slowest one on the planet. Up-stream she couldn’t even beat an island; down-stream she was never able to overtake the current. But she was a love of a steamboat. Mark Leavenworth, her captain, was a giant, and hospitable and good-natured, which is the way of giants. Zeb, his brother, was another giant possessed of the same qualities, and of a laugh which could be heard from Vicksburg to Nebraska. He was one of the pilots, and Beck Jolly was another. Jolly was very handsome, very graceful, very intelligent, companionable—a fine character—and he had the manners of a duke. If that is too strong I will say a viscount. Beck Jolly was a beautiful creature to look at. But it’s different now. I saw him four years agoⒺexplanatory note, and he had white hair, and not much of it; two sets of cheeks; a cataract of chins; and by and large he looked like a gasometer. The clerks, the mates, the chief steward, and all officials, big and little, of the John J. Roe, were simple-hearted folk and overflowing with good-fellowship and the milk of human kindness. They had all been reared on farms in the interior of Indiana, and they had brought the simple farm ways and farm spirit to that steamboat and had domesticated it there. When she was on a voyage there was nothing in her to suggest a steamboat. One didn’t seem to be on board a steamboat at all. He was floating around on a farm. Nothing in this world pleasanter than this can be imagined.
At the time I speak of I had fallen out of the heaven of the John J. Roe and was steering for Brown, on the swift passenger packet, the Pennsylvania, a boat which presently blew up and killed my brother HenryⒺexplanatory note. On a memorable trip, the Pennsylvania arrived at New Orleans, and when she was berthed I discovered that her stern lapped the fo’castle of the John J. Roe. I went aft, climbed over the rail of the ladies’Ⓐtextual note cabin, and from that point jumped aboard the Roe, landing on that spacious boiler-deck of hers. It was like arriving at home at the farm-house after a long absence. It was the same delight to me to meet and shake hands with the Leavenworths and the rest of that dear family of steamboating backwoodsmen and hay-seeds as if they had all been blood kin to me. As usual, there were a dozen passengers, male and female, young and old; and as usual they were of the hearty and likableⒶtextual note sort affected by the John J. Roe farmers. Now, out of their midst, floating upon my enchanted vision, came that slip of a girl of whom I have spoken—that instantly elected sweetheart out of the remotenesses of interior Missouri—a frank and simple and winsome child who had never been away from home in her life before, and had brought with her to these distant regions the freshness and the fragrance of her own prairies.
I can state the rest, I think, in a very few words. I was not four inches from that girl’s elbow during our waking hours for the next three days. Then there came a sudden interruption. [begin page 151] Zeb Leavenworth came flying aft shouting “The Pennsylvania is backing out.” I fled at my best speed, and as I broke out upon that great boiler-deck the Pennsylvania Ⓐtextual note was gliding sternward past it. I made a flying leap and just did manage to make the connection, and nothing to spare. My toes found room on the guard; my finger-ends hooked themselves upon the guard-rail, and a quartermaster made a snatch for me and hauled me aboard.
That comely child, that charming child, was Laura M. Wright, and I could see her with perfect distinctness in the unfaded bloom of her youth, with her plaitedⒶtextual note tails dangling from her young head and her white summer frock puffing about in the wind of that ancient Mississippi time—I could see all this with perfect distinctness when I was telling about it over the billiard tableⒶtextual note in Fairhaven last Saturday. And I finished with the remark “I never saw her afterward. It is now forty-eight years, one month and twenty-seven days, since that parting, and no word has ever passed between us since.”Ⓔexplanatory note
I reached home from Fairhaven last Wednesday and found a letter from Laura Wright. It shook me to the foundations. The plaitedⒶtextual note tails fell away; the peachy young face vanished; the fluffy short frock along with it; and in the place of that care-free little girl of forty-eight years ago, I imagined the world-worn and trouble-worn widow of sixty-two. Laura’s letter was an appeal to me for pecuniary help for herself and for her disabled son, who, as she incidentally mentioned, is thirty-seven years old. She is a school-teacherⒶtextual note. She is in need of a thousand dollars, and I sent itⒺexplanatory note.
It is an awful world—it is a fiendish world. When I knew that child her father was an honored Judge of a high court in the middle of MissouriⒺexplanatory note, and was a rich man, as riches were estimated in that day and region. What had that girl done, what crime had she committed, that she must be punished with poverty and drudgery in her old age? However, let me get right away from this subject before I get warmed up and say indiscreet things—BeJesus!
Edward Lauterbach . . . the Harper lawyer, Larkin] Lauterbach (1844–1923) was a prominent New York corporate lawyer specializing in railroad cases; he was also active in the Republican party. Clemens retained him in 1904–6 and was impressed: “If I had had him 30 yrs ago I shd not have been swindled so often” (Notebook 46, TS p. 24, CU-MARK; “Edw. Lauterbach, Lawyer, Dies at 78,” New York Times, 5 Mar 1923, 15). John Larkin (1862?–1935) was a New York lawyer specializing in copyright law. He was general counsel for Harper and Brothers for much of his professional life, serving also on the board of directors. During 1906–7 he represented Clemens in copyright, tax, and real estate affairs (“John Larkin Dead; Noted Lawyer, 73,” New York Times, 19 Sept 1935, 25).
an early sweetheart of mine . . . New Orleans as guest of a relative of hers who was a pilot] Clemens met and courted Laura Mary Wright (25 December 1844–23 February 1932) between 16 and 18 May 1858, when he spent several days in New Orleans while serving as a cub pilot on the Pennsylvania; she was aboard the John J. Roe as a guest of her uncle, pilot William C. Youngblood, a friend of his (see the notes at 150.1–17 and 150.26–28). Clemens was twenty-two and she was fourteen. Despite the impression Clemens gives here that he knew Laura for only these few days, it is clear that the two corresponded for some time, and probably saw each other at least once again (see the note at 151.12–13). Evidently, at some point Laura ceased to reply to his letters; Clemens thought their correspondence had been intercepted, but in later years Laura intimated that she had broken it off: “I understand why Mr. C. thought his letters were intercepted” (Laura M. Dake to Paine, 26 Jan 1917, photocopy in CU-MARK; see AD, 29 Jan 1907). In 1862 she married lawyer Charles T. Dake (1839–96). She held several educational positions in Dallas before moving to California, where in the early twentieth century she wrote historical and mystical fiction and taught school (Edgar M. Branch, personal communication, 23 Jan 1986, CU-MARK; 6 Feb 1861 to OC and MEC, L1, 114 n. 7; Dallas Census 1880, 1299:105C; “My Sutherland-Wright Ancestry” 2011, entries for Laura Mary Wright and Charles T. S. Dake; Missouri Marriage Records 2011; Payne 2007, 40–43; see also the note at 151.14–20).
the John J. Roe, a steamboat whose officers I knew . . . I saw him four years ago] Clemens was a cub pilot (“steersman”) on the John J. Roe from 5 August to 24 September 1857, plying the river between St. Louis and New Orleans. Zebulon Leavenworth (1830–77) was still an active pilot as late as 1867; his brother Mark (1827?–66), the boat’s captain, became a banker in 1864 (link note following 1 June 1857 to Taylor, L1, 74; Missouri Death Records 2011; 23 Apr 1867 to Stoddard, L2, 31 n. 2). Sobieski (Beck) Jolly (1831–1905) piloted steamboats from 1846 to 1885; during the Civil War he steered Union steamboats on the Mississippi and its tributaries. Clemens’s last meeting with him was in May 1902, on the St. Louis stop of his final trip to Missouri (28 Mar 1874 to Thompson, L6, 100 n. 3; Ferris 1965, 14–16; “Mark Twain’s Visit,” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 30 May 1902, 9). Clemens mentions three pilots working on the John J. Roe in May 1858 (Youngblood, Zeb Leavenworth, and Jolly); the typical crew included only two (see also AD, 31 Aug 1906, where Youngblood is again mentioned as one of the pilots).
steering for Brown, on the swift passenger packet . . . presently blew up and killed my brother Henry] Clemens began his service as steersman under pilot William Brown on the Pennsylvania in November 1857; the disaster that killed Henry Clemens occurred in June 1858: see Clemens’s full account in the Autobiographical Dictation of 13 January 1906 ( AutoMT1 , 274–76 and notes on 560–61).
“I never saw her afterward. It is now forty-eight years . . . no word has ever passed between us since.”] Clemens evidently did make at least one trip to Laura’s home town of Warsaw, Missouri. And he also had news of her in the spring of 1880, when he received a letter from Wattie Bowser, a Dallas schoolboy. Bowser wrote to request information for his school newspaper, and he mentioned that his teacher, Mrs. Dake, had known Clemens when he was “a little boy” (Murray to SLC, 8 May 1880, CU-MARK; Bowser to SLC, 16 Mar 1880, CU-MARK). Clemens replied:
No indeed, I have not forgotten your principal at all. She was a very little girl, with a very large spirit, a long memory, a wise head, a great appetite for books, a good mental digestion, with grave ways, & inclined to introspection—an unusual girl. How long ago it was! Another flight backward like this, & I shall begin to realize that I am cheating the cemetery. (20 Mar 1880 to Bowser, TxU-Hu)
Time and distance did not diminish Laura’s importance to Clemens. He dreamed about her throughout his life; as recently as January 1906 he had described her as “that unspoiled little maid, that fresh flower of the woods & the prairies” (24 Jan 1906 to the Gordons, photocopy in CU-MARK). His memory of Laura is also reflected in several of his literary works. She contributed to his characterization of the young Laura Hawkins in The Gilded Age (1873–74), and was the “sweetheart” Clemens says he dreamed about in “My Platonic Sweetheart,” a sketch he wrote in 1898 which was not published until after his death, and then only in Paine’s heavily censored version (SLC 1898; see Baetzhold 1972 for a discussion of Laura’s presence in Clemens’s works).
I reached home from Fairhaven last Wednesday and found a letter from Laura Wright . . . in need of a thousand dollars, and I sent it] This passage is the only known evidence that Laura sought help for her “disabled son.” Her first 1906 letter to Clemens has been lost or destroyed, but his account of it here is supported by what he wrote to Susan Crane on the day he received it: “She is poor, is a widow, in debt, & is in desperate need of a thousand dollars. I sent it” (27 July 1906 to Crane, photocopy in CU-MARK). On 12 August, however, Laura wrote again, stating that she had received no reply and feared her earlier letter had been lost. This time she identified the object of charity as “a young friend of mine who is making an effort for higher things” (CU-MARK). None of the obituaries or other records found so far indicates that she had any offspring. Laura later refused to exploit her relationship with Clemens, despite her need for money, because she chose not to have their correspondence made public. According to C. O. Byrd, who knew her at the end of her life, she turned down offers “from several magazines” who wanted to buy Clemens’s letters. She asked Byrd to destroy them after her death, because they had been written “to her and for her” and “were not to be published.” Byrd evidently complied: none of them is known to survive (Byrd to Charles H. Gold, 25 Feb 1964, CU-MARK). Clemens reminisces about Laura again in the Autobiographical Dictations of 31 August 1906 and 29 January 1907.
her father was an honored Judge of a high court in the middle of Missouri] Foster P. Wright (1809–87) was appointed a circuit court judge in 1837 and was on the bench of a series of Missouri courts for the rest of his career (“My Sutherland-Wright Ancestry” 2011, entry for Foster Pellatier Wright).
Source document.
TS1 Typescript, leaves numbered 975–83, made from Hobby’s notes.TS1 is the only extant source of this dictation. The last dictation for which TS2 survives is 7 August 1906, so presumably Hobby continued to type TS2 until at least that date, but it is not extant for the present dictation. TS1 has also a carbon copy; neither copy was revised by Clemens. On both, the mistaken reference to the date of the previous dictation (‘June’, 148.35) has been corrected in pencil, probably by Hobby.