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Autobiographical Dictation, 15 August 1906 ❉ Textual Commentary

Source document.

TS1      Typescript, leaves numbered 1055–59, made from Hobby’s notes and revised.

Clemens revised TS1. His cancellation of the summary, and his insertion of ellipses before the first words, signal a proposed NAR excerpt, but the dictation never appeared there. These alterations are rejected. All the rest of his revisions, however, seem not to be matters of self-censorship and are accepted.

Wednesday, August 15, 1906textual note

First school days—Praying for gingerbread.textual note

Mytextual note school days began when I was four years and a half old. This was at Hannibal, Missouri, a place which at that time was either a large village or a small town, I hardly know which. There were no public schools in Missouri in those early days, but there were two private schools in Hannibaltextual note—terms twenty-five cents per week per pupil, and collect it if you can. Mrs. Horr taught the children, in a small log house at the southern end of Main street;textual note Mr. Sam Cross taught the young people of larger growthexplanatory note in a frame schoolhousetextual note on the hill. I was sent to Mrs. Horr’s school, and I remember my first day in that little log house with perfect clearness, after these sixty-five years and upwards;textual note at least I remember an episode of that first day. I broke one of the rules, and was warned not to do it again, and was told that the penalty for a second breach was a whipping. I presently broke the rule again, and Mrs. Horr told me to go out and find a switch and fetch it. I was glad she appointed me, for I believed I could select a switch suitable to the occasion with more judiciousness than anybody else. In the mud I found a cooper’s shaving of the old-time pattern—oak, two inches broad, a quarter of an inch thick, and rising in a shallow curve at one end. There were nice new firm-bodiedtextual note shavings of the same breed close by, but I tooktextual note this one, although it was rotten. I carried it to Mrs. Horr, presented it, and stood before her in an attitude of meekness and resignation which seemed to me calculated to win favor and sympathy;textual note [begin page 178] but it did not happen. She divided a long look of strong disapprobation equally between me and the rottentextual note shaving; then she called me by my entire name,textual note Samuel Langhorne Clemens—probably the first time I had ever heard it all strung together in one procession—and said she was ashamed of me. I was to learn, later, that when a teacher calls a boy by his entire name it means trouble. She said she would try and appoint a boy with a better judgment than mine in the matter of switches, and it saddens me yet to remember how many faces lighted up with the hope of getting that appointment. Jim Dunlapexplanatory note got it, and when he returned with the switch of his choice I recognized that he was an expert. For sixty-five years I have wanted to expose him to infamy, and I do it now with a large and healing satisfaction.

Mrs. Horr was a New England lady of middle agetextual note, with New England ways and principles, and she always opened school with prayer and a chapter from the New Testament; also she explained the chapter with a brief talk. In one of these talks she dwelt upon the text “Ask and ye shall receive,” and said that whosoever prayed for a thing with earnestness and strong desire need not doubt that his prayer would be answered. I was so forcibly struck by this information, and so gratified by the opportunities which it offered, that this was probably the first time I had heard of it. I thought I would give it a trial. I believed in Mrs. Horr thoroughly, and I had no doubts as to the result. I prayed for gingerbread. Margaret Kooneman, who was the baker’s daughter, brought a slab of gingerbread to school every morningexplanatory note; she had always kept it out of sight before, but when I finished my prayer and glanced up, there it was in easy reach, and she was looking the other way. In all my life I believe I never enjoyed an answer to prayer more than I enjoyed that one; and I was a convert, too. I had no end of wants and they had always remained unsatisfied, up to that time, but I meant to supply them, and extend them, now that I had found out how to do it.

But this dream was like almost all the other dreams we indulge in in life—there was nothing in it. I did as much praying, during the next two or three days, as any one in that town, I suppose, and I was very sincere and earnest about it too, but nothing came of it. I found that not even the most powerful prayer was competent to lift that gingerbread again, and I came to the conclusion that if a person remains faithful to his gingerbread and keeps his eye on it, he need not trouble himself about your prayers.

Something about my conduct and bearing troubled my mother, and she took me aside and questioned me concerning it with much solicitude. I was reluctant to reveal to her the change that had come over me, for it would grieve me to distress her kind heart, but at last I confessed, with many tears, that I had ceased to be a Christian. She was heart-broken, and asked me why.

I said it was because I had found out that I was a Christian for revenue only, and I could not bear the thought of that, it was so ignoble.

She pressedtextual note me to her breast and comforted me. I gathered,textual note from what she said,textual note that if I would continue in that condition I would never be lonesome.

Textual Notes Wednesday, August 15, 1906
  1906 ●  ’06 (TS1) 
  First school days—Praying for gingerbread. ●  First school days. Praying for gingerbread.  (TS1-SLC) 
  My ●  . . . . My (TS1-SLC) 
  in Hannibal ●  in Hannibal  (TS1-SLC) 
  street; ●  Street. ; period mended to a semicolon  (TS1-SLC) 
  schoolhouse ●  school-house (TS1) 
  upwards; ●  upwards ;  (TS1-SLC) 
  firm-bodied ●  firm-bodied  (TS1-SLC) 
  took ●  took preferred took  (TS1-SLC) 
  sympathy; ●  sympathy. ; period mended to a semicolon  (TS1-SLC) 
  rotten ●  rotten  (TS1-SLC) 
  name, ●  name, ,  (TS1-SLC) 
  middle age ●  middle-age (TS1) 
  pressed ●  gathered pressed  (TS1-SLC) 
  gathered, ●  gathered,  (TS1-SLC) 
  said, ●  said,  (TS1-SLC) 
Explanatory Notes Wednesday, August 15, 1906
 

Mrs. Horr taught the children . . . Mr. Sam Cross taught the young people of larger growth] Elizabeth Horr (1790?–1873), born in New York, was Clemens’s first schoolteacher. Samuel Cross (1812–86), born in Ireland, moved to Missouri in 1837 and by 1840 was a teacher in Hannibal. Clemens attended his school in the mid-1840s. In the spring of 1849 Cross led a party of Hannibal citizens to California and settled in Sacramento, where he practiced law and eventually became a judge ( Inds, 326, 316).

 

Jim Dunlap] There was a James Dunlap among Clemens’s Hannibal contemporaries; however, “Dunlap” was one of Clemens’s stock names for disguising or inventing villagers, and on the evidence of a 1902 notebook entry it was Ed Stevens who gave him his “first whipping” (Notebook 45, TS p. 16, CU-MARK; AutoMT1 , 627 n. 420.17; Marion Census 1850, 293B).

 

I prayed for gingerbread. Margaret Kooneman . . . brought a slab of gingerbread to school every morning] In notes made in Switzerland in 1897, Clemens planned to make use of the baker, his daughter, and her gingerbread in “Tom Sawyer’s Conspiracy,” transferring the episode to Huck Finn: “Old Koonemann, & make him talk broken English. Make a great character of this kind-hearted garrulous old thing. (baker) Margaret K used to bring gingerbread to school & Huck used to pray for it” (Notebook 41, TS p. 59, CU-MARK; Inds, 289). And in a note made around 1905 he assigned a deeper importance to the gingerbread episode in a note headed “Prayer”:

Why should one laugh at my praying for gingerbread when I was a child? What would a child naturally pray for?—a child who had been lied to by teachers & preachers & a lying Bible-text?

My prayer failed. It was 65 years ago. I remember the shock yet. I was as astonished as if I had caught my own mother breaking a promise to me.

Was the doubt planted then, which in 50 years grew to a certainty: that the X & all other religions are lies & swindles? (Autobiographical Fragment #146, CU-MARK)