Explanatory Notes
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Apparatus Notes
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CHAPTER 10 Beginnings of Civilization
[begin page 126]
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CHAPTER 10
 Beginnings of Civilization

The Round Table soon heard of the challenge, and of course it was a good deal discussed, for such things interested the boys. The kingalteration in the MS thought I ought now to set forth in quest of adventures, so that I might gain renown and be the more worthy to meet Sir Sagramouremendation alteration in the MS when the severalalteration in the MS years should have rolled away.alteration in the MS I excused myself for the present; I said it would take me three or four years, yet, to get things well fixed up and going smoothly; then I should be ready; all the chances were that at the end of that time Sir Sagramouremendation would still be out grailingemendation, so no valuable time would be lost by the postponement; I should then have been in office six or seven years, and I believed my system and machinery would be so well developed that I could take a holiday without itsemendation working any harm.

I was pretty well satisfied with what I had already accomplished. In various quiet nooks and corners I [begin page 127] had the beginnings of all sorts of industries under way—nuclei of future vast factories, the iron and steel missionaries of my future civilization. In these were gathered together the brightest young minds I could find, and I kept agents out raking the country foralteration in the MS more, all the time. I was training a crowd of ignorant folkrejected substantive into experts—experts in every sort of handiwork and scientific calling. These nurseries of mine went smoothly and privately alongrejected substantive undisturbed in their obscure country retreats, for nobody was allowed to come into their precincts without a special permit—for I was afraid of the Church.

I had started a teacher-factory and a lot of Sunday schoolsalteration in the MS the first thing; as a result, I now had an admirable system of graded schools in full blast in those places, and also a complete variety of Protestant congregationsalteration in the MS all in a prosperous and growing condition. Everybody couldrejected substantive be any kind of a Christianemendation he wanted to; there was perfect freedom in that matter. But I confined public religious teaching to the churches and the Sunday schools, permitting nothing of it in my other educational buildings. I could have given my own sect the preference andemendation made everybody a Presbyterian without any trouble, but that would have been to affrontemendation a law of human nature: spiritual wants and instincts are as various in the human family as are physical appetites, complexions and features, and a man is only at his best, morally, when he is equipped with the religious garment whose color and shape and size most nicely accommodate themselves to the spiritualalteration in the MS complexion, angularities and stature of the individual who wears it; and besides, I was afraid of a united church; it makes a mighty power, the mightiest conceivable, and then when it by and by gets into selfish hands, as it is always bound to do, it means death to human liberty, and paralysis to human thought.

All mines were royal property, and there were a good many of them. They had formerly been worked as savages always work mines—holes grubbed in the earth and the mineral brought up in sacks of hide by hand, at the rate of a ton a day; but I had begun to put the mining on a scientific basis as early as I could.

Yes, I had made pretty handsome progress when Sir Sagramour’semendation challenge struck me.alteration in the MS


Four years rolledrejected substantive by—and then! Well, you would never imagine it in the world. Unlimited power is the ideal thing—when it is in safe [begin page 128] hands. The despotism of heaven is the one absolutely perfect government. An earthly despotism would be the absolutely perfect earthly government, if the conditions were the same, namely, the despot the perfectest individual of the human race, and his lease of life perpetual. But as a perishablealteration in the MS perfect man must die, and leavealteration in the MS his despotism in the hands of an imperfect successor, an earthly despotism is not merely a bad form of government, it is the worst form that is possible.alteration in the MS alteration in the MS

“the nineteenth century booming under its very nose.”

My works showed what a despot could do, with the resources of a kingdom at his command. Unsuspected by this dark land, I had the civilization of the nineteenth century booming under its very nose! It was fenced away from the public view, but there it was, a gigantic and unassailable fact—and to be heard from, yet, if I lived and had luck. There it was, as sure a fact, and as substantial a fact as any serene volcano, standing innocent with its smokeless summit in the blue sky and giving no sign of the rising hell in its bowels. My schools and churches were childrenalteration in the MS four years before; they were grown-up, now; [begin page 129] my littleemendation rejected substantive shops of that day were vastalteration in the MS factories, now; where I had a dozen trained men then, I had a thousand now; where I had one brilliant expert then, I had fifty now. I stoodalteration in the MS with my fingeremendation rejected substantive on the buttonemendation rejected substantive, so to speak, ready to press itemendation rejected substantive textual note and flood the midnight world with intolerableemendation rejected substantive light at any moment.alteration in the MS But I was not going to do the thing in that sudden way. It was not my policy. The people could not have stood it; and moreover I should have had the Established Roman Catholic Church on my back in a minuterejected substantive.

a west pointer.

No, I had been going cautiously, all the while. I had had confidential agents trickling through the country some time, whose office was to underminealteration in the MS knighthood by imperceptible degrees, and to gnaw a little at this and that and the other superstition, and so prepare the way gradually for a better order of things. I was turning on my light onealteration in the MS candle-power at a time, and meant to continue to do so.

I had scattered some branch schools secretly about the kingdom, and they were doing very well. I meant to work this racket more and more, as time wore on, if nothing occurred to frightenrejected substantive textual note me. One of my deepest secrets was my West Point—my military academy. I kept that most jealously out of sight; and I did the same with my naval academy which I had established at a remote seaport. Both were prospering to my satisfactionrejected substantive.

Clarence was twenty-two, now, and was myalteration in the MS head executive, my right hand. He was a darling; he was equal to anything; there wasn’t [begin page 130] anything he couldn’t turn his hand to. Of late I had been training him for journalism, for the time seemed about right for a start in the newspaper line; nothing big, but just a small weekly for experimental circulation in my civilization-nurseries. He took to it like a duck; there was an editor concealed in him sure. Already he had doubled himself in one way: he talked sixth century, and wrote nineteenth. His journalisticalteration in the MS style was climbing, steadily; it was already up to the back-settlement Alabama mark, and couldn’t be told from the editorial output of that region either byrejected substantive matter or flavor.

We had another largealteration in the MS departure on hand, too. This was a telegraph and a telephonealteration in the MS; our first venture in thisalteration in the MS linealteration in the MS. These wires werealteration in the MS for private service only, as yet, and must be kept private until a riper day should come. We had a gangemendation alteration in the MS of men on the road, working mainly by night. They were stringing ground wiresalteration in the MS; we were afraid to put up poles, for they would attract too much inquiry. Ground wires were good enough, in both instances, for my wires were protected by an insulation of my own invention which was perfectalteration in the MS. My men had orders to strike across country, avoidingalteration in the MS roads, and establishing connection with any considerable towns whose lights betrayed their presence, and leaving experts in charge. Nobody could tell you how to find any place in the kingdom, for nobody ever went intentionally to any place, but only struck it by accident in his wanderings, and then generally left it without thinking to inquire what its name was. At one time and another we had sent out topographical expeditions to survey and map the kingdom, but the priests had always interfered and raised trouble. So we had given the thing up, for the present; it would be poor wisdom to antagonize the Church.

As for the general condition of the country, it was as it had been when I arrived in it, to all intents and purposes. I had made changes, but they were necessarily slight, and they were not noticeable. Thus far, I had not even meddled with taxationalteration in the MS, outside of the taxesalteration in the MS which provided the royal revenues. I had systematized those, and put the servicealteration in the MS on an effective and righteous basis. As a result, these revenues were already quadrupled, and yet the burden was so much more equably distributed than before, that all the kingdom felt a sense of relief, and the praises of my administration were hearty and general.

Personally, I struck an interruption, now, but I did not mind it, it could not have happened at a better time. Earlier it could have an- [begin page 131] noyed me, but now everything was in good hands and swimming right along. The king had reminded me several times, of late, that the postponement I had asked for four years before had about run out, now. It was a hint that I ought to be starting out to seek adventures and get up a reputation of a size to make me worthy of the honor of breaking a lance with Sir Sagramour, who was still out grailing, but was being hunted for by various relief expeditions, and might be found any year, now. So you see I was expecting this interruption; it did not take me by surprise.

a middy from my naval academy.
Editorial Emendations CHAPTER 10 Beginnings of Civilization
  Sagramour (I-C)  ●  Sagramor (MS) 
  Sagramour (I-C)  ●  Sagramore (MS) 
  grailing (A)  ●  grayling (MS) 
  its (A)  ●  it’s (MS) 
  of a Christian (A)  ●  of Christian (MS) 
  given . . . and (A)  ●  not in  (MS) 
  affront (A)  ●  violate (MS) 
  Sagramour’s (I-C)  ●  Sagramore’s (MS) 
  little (Cent)  ●  not in  (MS) 
  finger (Cent)  ●  hand (MS) 
  button (Cent)  ●  cock (MS) 
  press it (Cent)  ●  turn it on (MS) 
  intolerable (Cent)  ●  not in  (MS) 
  a gang (A)  ●  gangs (MS) 
Rejected Substantives CHAPTER 10 Beginnings of Civilization
  folk (MS,Cent,A)  ●  folks (E) 
  smoothly and privately along (MS,A,E)  ●  along smoothly and privately (Cent) 
  —for . . . could (MS,A,E)  ●  not in  (Cent) 
  years rolled (MS,A,E)  ●  years more rolled (Cent) 
  little (Cent)  ●  not in  (MS,A,E) 
  finger (Cent)  ●  hand (MS,A,E) 
  button (Cent)  ●  cock (MS,A,E) 
  press it (Cent)  ●  turn it on (MS,A,E) 
  intolerable (Cent)  ●  not in  (MS,A,E) 
  and . . . minute (MS,A,E)  ●  not in  (Cent) 
  frighten (MS,A,E)  ●  interrupt (Cent) 
  One . . . satisfaction. (MS,A,E)  ●  not in  (Cent) 
  either by (MS,A,E)  ●  by either (Cent) 
Alterations in the Manuscript CHAPTER 10 Beginnings of Civilization
 king] written over what may be a ‘b’.
 Sagramour] the MS reads ‘Sagramor’ (emended); follows canceled ‘Dinadan’.
 several] interlined above canceled ‘three’.
 away.] followed by canceled instructions to turn over; there is no addition on the verso.
 I excused . . . country for] written on eleven inserted MS pages numbered 166A–166K; the note ‘[Run to—see bottom of page]’ is at the top and the instruction ‘Run to 166A,B,&c.’ is at the foot of MS page 166; There . . . country for’ is canceled at the foot of MS page 166 and rewritten on MS page 166K (134.1), which is otherwise blank except for the chapter heading and the instruction ‘Run to 167.’
 vast] written over wiped-out ‘f’.
 and . . . schools] interlined.
 congregations] follows canceled ‘churches’.
 spiritual] interlined above canceled ‘stature’.
 me.] followed by a device added in pencil to indicate a break.
 Unlimited . . . possible.] originally ‘Unlimited power is . . . hands.’ was written at the beginning of MS page 166D; then ‘The despotism . . . possible.’, written in pencil on a separate page, was inserted and numbered 166D in ink; the original page 166D was renumbered 166E, and ‘Unlimited power is . . . hands.’ was canceled and recopied: ‘Unlimited power is . . . safe’ is written on the verso of page 166C with instructions to turn over; ‘hands’ is added to new page 166D preceding the penciled passage and eliminating the paragraph indent.
 perfect] followed by ‘form’ interlined then canceled.
 a perishable] interlined in ink above canceled ‘this’.
 leave] follows ‘would’ canceled in ink.
 form that is possible.] follows canceled ‘possible’; ‘that’ written over a period.
 children] follows canceled ‘infants’.
 stood] followed by canceled ‘ready to’.
 moment.] the period follows a canceled comma and is written over wiped-out ‘s’.
 whose . . . to undermine] originally ‘undermining’; ‘whose . . . to’ interlined; the second ‘i’ of ‘undermining’ mended to ‘e’, and ‘ng’ canceled.
 one] written over wiped-out ‘g’.
 was my] ‘was’ interlined in pencil.
 line] interlined in pencil.
 journalistic] interlined above canceled ‘literary’.
 large] follows canceled ‘huge’.
 and a telephone] interlined.
 this] interlined above canceled ‘that’.
 These wires were] interlined above canceled ‘It was’.
 a gang] the MS reads ‘gangs’; originally ‘a gang’; ‘a’ canceled and ‘s’ added; emended.
 ground wires] originally ‘a ground wire’; ‘a’ canceled and ‘s’ added.
 avoiding] follows canceled ‘or’.
 taxation] follows canceled ‘any’.
 the taxes] follows canceled ‘th’.
 the service] ‘the’ originally ‘them’; ‘m’ wiped out.
Textual Notes CHAPTER 10 Beginnings of Civilization
 finger on the button, . . . ready to press it] This reading from the Century eliminates a double entendre in Mark Twain’s original phrase, “hand on the cock.” For that very reason, the change would appear to be editorial, particularly since the Century was especially sensitive about allowing anything off-color in its pages. Mark Twain too had a horror of sexual innuendo in his writing and no doubt welcomed the change; but the reading of the manuscript and the first American edition would have to be retained if there were no other evidence of his wishes than his general attitude. However, other evidence does exist, and it suggests that he did want the change made and may even have been its author. Although the phrase escaped his notice in the Webster proofs, he twice supplanted it when he marked pages of the book for public readings. In unbound pages marked for the West Point reading that he gave a few days after the book was published, he changed “cock” to “button” and “turn” to “press” (after first trying “touch”). In a copy of the book marked for another reading he duplicated the Century exactly (see the illustration below), interlining “finger,” “button,” and “press” in place of “hand,” “cock,” and “turn,” and even reproducing his literary change in the next line by interlining “intolerable.” Both copies are in MTP.
 frighten] Mark Twain was so careful about excising all references to the Church, its enmity to progress, and Hank’s fear of its power from the Century excerpts, that he changed the verb in the magazine to “interrupt” to conceal the struggle depicted in this chapter of the book.