Explanatory Notes
Headnote
Apparatus Notes
Headnotes
CHAPTER 31 Marco
[begin page 348]
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CHAPTER 31
 Marco

We strolled along in a sufficiently indolent fashion, now, and talked. We must dispose of about the amount of time it ought to take to go to the little hamlet of Abblasoure and put justice on the track of those murderers and get back home again. And meantime I hadalteration in the MS an auxiliaryalteration in the MS interest which had neveralteration in the MS paled yet, never lost its novelty for me, since I had been in Arthur’s kingdom: the behavior—born of nice and exact subdivisions of caste—of chance passers-by toward each other. Toward the shaven monkalteration in the MS who trudged along with his cowl tilted back and the sweat washing down his fat jowls, the coal burner was deeplyalteration in the MS reverent; to the gentleman he was abject; withalteration in the MS the small farmer and the free mechanic he was cordial and gossipy; and when a slave passed by with countenancerejected substantive respectfully lowered, this chap’s nose was in the air—he couldn’t even see him. Well, there are times when one would like to hang the whole human race and finish the farce.

Presently we struck an incident. A small mob of half naked boys and girls came tearing out of the woods, scared and shrieking. The eldest among them were not more than twelve or four- [begin page 349] teen years old. They implored help, but they were so beside themselves that we couldn’t make out what the matter was. However, we plunged into the wood, they skurrying in the lead, and the troublealteration in the MS was quickly revealed: they had hanged a little fellow with a bark rope, and he was kicking and struggling, in the process of choking to death. We rescued him, and fetched him around. It was some more human nature; the admiring little folk imitating their elders; they were playing mob, and had achieved a success which promisedalteration in the MS to be a good deal more serious than they had bargained for.

It was not a dull excursion for me. I managed to put in the time very well. I made various acquaintanceships, and in my quality of stranger was able to ask as many questions as I wanted to. A thing which naturally interested me, as a statesman, was the matter of wages. I picked up what I could under that head during the afternoon. A man who hasn’t had much experience, and doesn’t think, is apt to measurealteration in the MS a nation’s prosperity or lack of prosperity by the merealteration in the MS size of the prevailing wages: if the wages be high, the nation is prosperous; if low, it isn’t. Which is an erroremendation. It isn’talteration in the MS what sum you get, it’s howalteration in the MS much you can buy with it that’semendation the important thing; andemendation it’s that that tells whether your wages are high in fact or only high in name. I could remember how it was in the time ofalteration in the MS our great civil war in the nineteenth century. In the North, a carpenter got three dollars a day, gold valuation;alteration in the MS in the South he got fifty—payable in Confederate shin-plastersemendation worth a dollar a bushel. In the North, a suit of overalls cost three dollars—a day’s wages;emendation in the South it cost seventy-five—which was two days’ wagesemendation. Other things were in proportion. Consequentlyalteration in the MS, wages were twice as highemendation in the North asemendation they were in the South, because the one wage had that muchalteration in the MS more purchasing power thanrejected substantive the other had.alteration in the MS textual note emendation

Yes, I made various acquaintances in the hamlet, and a thing that gratified me a good deal, was, to find our new coins in circulation—lots of milrays,alteration in the MS lots of mills, lots of cents, a good many nickels, and some silver; all this among the artisans and commonalty generally; yes, and even some gold—but that was at the bank, that is to say, the goldsmith’salteration in the MS. I dropped in there while Marco the son of Marco was haggling with a shopkeeperalteration in the MS over a quarter of aalteration in the MS pound of salt,alteration in the MS and asked for change for a twenty-dollar gold-piece. They furnished it,—that is, after they had chewed the piece,alteration in the MS and rung it on the counter, and tried [begin page 350] acid on it, and asked me where I got it, andalteration in the MS who I was, and where I was from, and where I was going to, and when I expected to get there, and perhaps a couple of hundred more questions; and when they got aground, I went right on and furnished them a lot of information voluntarily: told them I owned a dog, and his name was Watch, and my first wife was a Free Will Baptist, and her grandfather was a Prohibitionist, and I used to know a man thattextual note rejected substantive had two thumbs on each hand and a wart on the inside of his upper lip, and died in the hope of a glorious resurrection, and so-on, and so-on, and so-on, till even that hungry villagealteration in the MS questioner began to look satisfied, and also a shade put out; but he had to respect a man of my financial strength, and soalteration in the MS he didn’t give me any lip, but I noticed he took it out of his underlings, which was a perfectly natural thing to do. Yes, they changed my twenty, but I judged it strained the bank a little, which was a thing to be expected, for it was the samealteration in the MS as walking into a paltry village storealteration in the MS in the nineteenth century and requiring the boss of it to change a two-

“toward the monk the coal burner was deeply reverent.”
[begin page 351] thousand-dollar bill for you all of a sudden. He could do it, maybe; but at the same timeemendation he would wonder how a small farmer happened to be carrying so much money around in his pocket; which was probably this goldsmith’s thought, too; for he followed me to the door and stood there gazing after me with reverent admiration.

Our new money wasalteration in the MS not only handsomely circulating, but itsalteration in the MS language was already glibly in use; that is to say, people had dropped the names of the former moneys, and spoke of things as being worth so many dollars or cents or millstextual note emendation or milrays,alteration in the MS now. It was very gratifying. We were progressing, that was sure.

I gotalteration in the MS to know several master mechanics, but about the most interesting fellow among them was the blacksmithemendation, Dowley. He was a live man and a brisk talker, and had two journeymen and three apprentices, and was doing a raging business. In fact, he was getting rich, hand over fist, and was vastly respected. Marco was very proud of having such a man for a friend. He had taken me there ostensibly to let me see the big establishment which bought so much of his charcoal, but really to let me see what easy and almost familiar terms he was on with this great man. Dowley and I fraternized at once; I had had just such picked men, splendid fellows, under me in the Colt arms-factoryemendation. I was bound to see more of him, so I invited him to come out to Marco’s, Sunday, and dine with us. Marco was appalled, and held his breath; and when the grandeealteration in the MS accepted, he was so grateful that he almost forgot to be astonished at the condescension.

Marco’s joy was exuberantemendation—but only for a moment; then he grew thoughtful, then sad; and when he heard me tellalteration in the MS Dowley I should have Dickonalteration in the MS the boss mason, and Smugalteration in the MS the boss wheelwright out there, too, the coal-dust on his face turned to chalk, and he lost his grip. But I knew what was the matter with him; it was the expense. He saw ruin before him; he judged that his financial days were numbered. However, on our way to invite the others, I said:

“You must allow me to have these friends come; and you must also allow me to pay the costs.”

His face cleared, and he said with spirit:

“But not all of it, not all of it. Yealteration in the MS cannot well bear a burden like to this alone.”

I stopped him, and said:

“Now let’s understand each other on the spot, old friend. I am only [begin page 352] a farm bailiff,alteration in the MS it is true; but I am not poor, nevertheless. I have been very fortunate this year—you would be astonished to know how I have thriven. I tell you the honest truth when I say I could squander away as many as a dozen feasts like this and never care that alteration in the MS for the expense!” and I snapped my fingers. I could see myself rise a foot at a time in Marco’s estimation, and when I fetched out thosealteration in the MS last words I was become a very tower, for style and altitude. “So you see, you must let me have my way. You can’t contribute a cent to this orgy, that’s settled.”

“It’s grand and good of you—emendation

“No, it isn’t. You’ve opened your house to Jones and me in the most generous way; Jones was remarking upon it to-day, just before you came back from the village; for although he wouldn’t be likely to say such a thing to you,—becausealteration in the MS Jones isn’t a talker, and is diffident in society—he has a good heart and a grateful, and knowsalteration in the MS how to appreciate it when he is well treated; yes, you and your wife have been very hospitable towardrejected substantive us—”

“Ah, brother, ’tis nothing—such hospitality!”

“But it is something; the best a man has, freely given, is always

“when a slave passed he couldn’t even see him.”
[begin page 353] something, and is as good as a prince can do, and ranks right along beside it—for even a prince can buttextual note do his best. And so we’ll shop around and get up this layout, now, and don’t you worry about the expense. I’m one of the worst spendthrifts that ever was born. Why, do you know, sometimes in a single week I spend—but never mind about that—you’d never believe it anyway.”

And so we went gadding along, dropping in, here and there, pricing things, and gossipingalteration in the MS with the shopkeepers about the riot, and now and then running across pathetic reminders of it, in the persons of shunnedalteration in the MS and tearful and houselessalteration in the MS remnants of families whose homes had been taken from them and their parents butchered or hanged. The raiment of Marco and his wife was of coarse tow-linen and linsey-woolseyemendation respectively,alteration in the MS and resembled township maps, it being made up pretty exclusively of patches which had been added, township by township, in the course of five or six years, until hardly a hand’s breadth of the original garments was surviving and present. Now I wanted to fit these people out with new suits, on account of that swell company, and I didn’t know just how to get at it with delicacy, until at lastalteration in the MS it struck me that as I had already been liberal in inventing wordy gratitude for the king, it would be just the thing to back it up with evidence of a substantial sort; so I said:

“And Marco, there’s another thing which you must permit—out of kindness for Jones—because you wouldn’t want to offend him. He was very anxious to testify his appreciation in some way, but he is so diffident he couldn’t venture it himself, and so he begged me to buy some little things and give them to you and Damealteration in the MS Phyllisemendation and let him pay for them without your ever knowing they came from him—youalteration in the MS know how a delicate person feels about that sort of thingalteration in the MS—and so I said I would, and we would keep mum. Well, his idea was, a new outfit of clothes for you both—”

“Oh, it is wastefulness! It may not be, brother, it may not be. Consider the vastness of the sum—”

“Hang the vastness of the sum! Try to keep quiet for a moment, and see how it would seem; a body can’t get in a word edgeways, you talk so muchemendation. You ought to cure that, Marco; it isn’t good form, you know, and it will grow on you, if you don’t check it.alteration in the MS Yes, we’ll step in here, now, and price this man’s stuff—and don’t forget to remember to not let on to Jones that you know he had anything to do with it.alteration in the MS [begin page 354]

“presently we struck an incident.”
[begin page 355] You can’t think how curiously sensitive and proudalteration in the MS he is. He’s a farmer—pretty fairly well-to-do farmer—and I’m his bailiff; but—the imagination of that man! Why, sometimes when he forgets himself, and gets to blowing off, you’d think he was one of the swells of the earth; and you might listen to him a hundred years and never take him for a farmer—especially if he talked agriculture. He thinks he’s a Sheolalteration in the MS of a farmer; thinks he’s old Grayback from Wayback; but between you and me privately he don’t know as much about farmingalteration in the MS as he does about a running a kingdom—still, whatever he talks about, you want to drop your underjaw and listen, the same as if you hademendation never heard such incredible wisdom in all your life before, and were afraid you might die before you got enough of it. That will please Jones.”

It tickled Marco to the marrowemendation to hear about such an odd character; but it also prepared him for accidents; and in my experience, when you travel with a king who is letting on to be something else and can’t remember it more than about half the time, you can’t take too many precautions.

This was the best store we had come across yet; it had everything in it, in small quantities, from anvils and dry goods all the way down to fish and pinchbeck jewelry. I concluded I would bunch my whole invoice right here, and not go pricing around any more. So I got rid of Marco, by sending him off to invite the mason and the wheelwright, which left the field free to me. For I never care to do a thing in a quiet way; it’s got to be theatrical, or I don’t take any interest in it. I showed up money enough, in a careless way, to corral the shopkeeper’s respect, and then I wrote down a list of the things I wanted, and handedalteration in the MS it to him to see if he could read it. He could, and was proud to show that he could. He said he had been educated by a priest, and could read and write both. He ranalteration in the MS it through, and remarked with satisfaction that it was a pretty heavy bill. Well, and so it was, for a little concern like that. I was not only providing a swell dinner, but some odds and ends of extras. I ordered that the things be carted out and delivered at the dwelling of Marco the son of Marco by Saturday evening, andrejected substantive send me the bill at dinneralteration in the MS time Sunday. He said I could depend upon his promptness and exactitude, it wasalteration in the MS the rule of the house. He also observed that he would throw in a couple of miller-guns for the Marcosalteration in the MS gratis—that everybody was using them, now. He had a mighty opinion of that clever device. I said:

[begin page 356]

“And please fill them up to the middle mark,alteration in the MS too; and add that to the bill.”

He would, with pleasure. He filled them, and I took them with me.alteration in the MS I couldn’t venture to tell him that the miller-gun was a little invention of my own, and that I had officiallyemendation ordered that every shopkeeper in the kingdom keep them on hand and sellalteration in the MS them at government price—which was the merest trifle, and the shopkeeper got that, not the government. We furnished them for nothing.

The king had hardly missed us when we got back at nightfall. He had early dropped againemendation into his dream of a grand invasion of Gaul with the whole strength of his kingdom at his back, and the afternoon had slipped away without his ever coming to himself again.

Editorial Emendations CHAPTER 31 Marco
  an error (A)  ●  just nonsense (MS) 
  that’s (A)  ●  —that’s  (MS) 
  and (A)  ●  not in  (MS) 
  shin-plasters (I-C)  ●  shin-  |  plasters (MS) 
  —a day’s wages (A)  ●  not in  (MS) 
  —which . . . wages (A)  ●  not in  (MS) 
  twice as high (A)  ●  fifty per cent “higher” (MS) 
  as (A)  ●  than (MS) 
  had. (A)  ●  had. Well, the carpenter could understand that, because the thing was peculiarly luminous and picturesque. But a quarter of a century later how was it with him when the cunning politician, legging for continued high-tariff, called his attention to the dreadful fact that in free-trade England carpenters had to work for the half of an American carpenter’s wages? Did he stop to inform himself that in free-trade England half-wages would buy more and carry a man further than whole wages in “protected” America? Did he stop to inform himself that in forty years, under the new experiment of free trade, the Englishman’s wages had doubled, and the cost of living gone down to half what it had been before, while in the same time the doubling of the American’s wages had wrought no real1 change, for the reason that the cost of living had also doubled? Oh, no, he informed himself of none of these things, but shouted “protection” with all his might, and went to the polls like a little man and bit his own nose off. It’s no use; as2 a rule, you can’t make a man understand that in some circumstances a dollar is big wages, and in certain other circumstances two dollars isn’t. To him, a dollar is a dollar, it3 doesn’t make any difference whether you can buy anything with it or not. If he had been Robinson Crusoe, he wouldn’t have kicked the bag of gold coin aside when he was getting things out of the wreck to use on the desert island, in order that he might be able to carry the more hoop-iron and other really valuable stuff ashore. No, the gold4 coin was money, and he would have lugged it ashore, sure; for to his mind money isn’t5 simply a shadow which represents a value, a substance,6 it’s the thing 7 itself. There 8 was a case where one iron barrel-hoop a week would have been good and valuable wages, while ten thousand dollars a week in gold coin would have been very poor wages; you could turn the one into a tool, and get your living with it, but you could starve on the other wages. (MS) 
  but . . . time (A)  ●  and (MS) 
  mills (A)  ●  mills, (MS) 
  blacksmith (A)  ●  black-  |  smith (MS) 
  arms-factory (I-C)  ●  Arms factory (MS)  A reads “Arms Factory”
  exuberant (I-C)  ●  exhuberant (MS) 
  you— (A)  ●  you to— (MS) 
  linsey-woolsey (A)  ●  linsey woolsey (MS) 
  Phyllis (A)  ●  Marco (MS) 
  you talk so much (A)  ●  for your intolerable clack (MS) 
  had (A)  ●  not in  (MS) 
  the marrow (A)  ●  death (MS) 
  officially (A)  ●  not in  (MS) 
  again (A)  ●  not in  (MS) 
Rejected Substantives CHAPTER 31 Marco
  countenance (MS)  ●  a countenance (A,E) 
  than (MS,E)  ●  that (A) 
  that (MS)  ●  who (A,E) 
  toward (MS,A)  ●  towards (E) 
  and send (MS,A)  ●  and told him to send (E) 
Alterations in the Manuscript CHAPTER 31 Marco
 I had] follows canceled ‘it was interes’.
 auxiliary] written over wiped-out ‘oul’ or ‘out’.
 had never] ‘had’ interlined.
 monk] interlined above canceled ‘priest’.
 deeply] interlined above canceled ‘abjectly’.
 with] interlined without a caret above canceled ‘to’.
 trouble] originally ‘troubled’; ‘d’ canceled.
 promised] follows canceled ‘was’.
 to measure] follows canceled ‘to jump to the conclusion’.
 mere] interlined.
 It isn’t] follows canceled ‘Dur’.
 it’s how] follows canceled ‘that’.
 the time of] interlined.
 gold valuation;] interlined.
 Consequently] written over ‘I’.
 much] interlined.
 

had.] followed by a passage which was revised in the MS then canceled in a later stage. See emendations for the text of the deleted passage, in which the position of each of the following revisions is indicated by a superior number.

1.   real] interlined.
2.   as] written over wiped-out ‘n’ or ‘w’.
3.   it] originally ‘its’; ‘s’ canceled.
4.   the gold] written over wiped-out ‘he w’.
5.   isn’t] follows canceled ‘do’.
6.   a substance] follows canceled ‘it is’.
7.   thing] ‘thing’ underlined in pencil.
8.   There] ‘There’ underlined in pencil.
 lots of milrays,] interlined.
 that is . . . goldsmith’s] interlined; the comma preceding added.
 a shopkeeper] interlined with two carets above canceled ‘the grocer’; apparently ‘the’ was at first left standing after ‘shopkeeper’ had replaced ‘grocer’, and then was replaced by ‘a’.
 quarter of a] interlined.
 salt,] interlined above canceled ‘bacon,’.
 the piece,] interlined above canceled ‘it,’.
 where . . . it, and] interlined.
 hungry village] interlined.
 and so] followed by a canceled comma.
 the same] follows canceled ‘exactly’.
 store] interlined following canceled interlined ‘bank’.
 money was] interlined in pencil above canceled ‘coins were’.
 its] interlined in pencil above canceled ‘their’.
 or milrays,] interlined.
 I got] follows canceled ‘One’.
 grandee] interlined.
 he heard me tell] interlined above canceled ‘I told’.
 Dickon] interlined.
 Smug] interlined.
 it. Ye] ‘it.’ followed by canceled closing quotation marks.
 a farm bailiff,] interlined following canceled ‘what is called a small farmer,’.
  that] ‘that’ underlined in pencil.
 those] follows canceled ‘that’.
 —because] the dash written over wiped-out ‘J’.
 knows] written over wiped-out ‘is’.
 and gossiping] follows canceled ‘and purchasing,’.
 shunned] follows ‘de-’ canceled at the end of a line.
 houseless] interlined above canceled ‘friendless’.
 and linsey-woolsey respectively,] ‘and linsey woolsey respectively,’ interlined; emended.
 at last] ‘at’ mended from ‘it’.
 Dame] ‘dame’ interlined above canceled ‘Mrs.’; ‘d’ underlined three times.
 you] originallyyou; the underline canceled in pencil.
 thing] originally ‘things’; ‘s’ canceled.
 check it.] the period mended from a comma in pencil; followed by ‘and watch yourself.’ canceled in pencil.
 with it.] followed by canceled closing quotation marks.
 and proud] ‘and’ written over wiped-out ‘p’.
 a Sheol] follows canceled ‘the’.
 farming] interlined above canceled ‘it’.
 and handed] follows canceled ‘and read it off to him, for’.
 ran] written over ‘s’.
 at dinner] ‘at’ interlined.
 it was] follows a canceled dash.
 for the Marcos] interlined.
 up . . . mark,] interlined above a canceled comma.
 He filled . . . me.] interlined.
 sell] follows canceled ‘give them away to all customers’.
Textual Notes CHAPTER 31 Marco
 had.] At the top of the next manuscript page, after the first nine lines of the deleted passage that follows this word, Mark Twain wrote and canceled in pencil “See further on.”
 that] It is possible that Mark Twain introduced the first American edition’s “who,” since he did tend to make Hank’s speech less colloquial when he revised it. But “that” is so typical of a vernacular character, and so likely a candidate for “helpful correction,” that the manuscript reading has been restored.
 mills or milrays,] When Mark Twain interlined “or milrays,” in the manuscript, he inadvertently left the comma after “mills” standing. The error was corrected for the first American edition.
 but] Below this word Mark Twain wrote the number “1,” the first in a series of penciled notations that he made while counting the words on this manuscript page; penciled dots all over the page show that he counted by putting his pencil down on the page. Each figure counts roughly 20 words: “2” is below “the” of “the expense” (353.3–4), “3” is below “a single” (353.5), “4” is below “dropping” (353.7), “5” is below “now and” (353.8–9), “6” is below “families” (353.10), and “7” is above “Marco” (353.12). In the right margin below “resembled” (353.13), near the bottom of the page, Mark Twain wrote “209” upside-down and circled it; the figure is not a total, for there are only 158 words on the manuscript page, including cancellations.