Explanatory Notes
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Apparatus Notes
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Chapter XXXIX.
[begin page 329]
keeping off dull times.
Click the thumbnail to see the illustrated chapter heading
Chapter XXXIX.emendation

In the morning we went up to the village and bought a wirealteration in the MS rat trap and fetched it down, and unstopped the best rat hole, and in about an hour we had fifteen of the bulliest kind of ones; and then we took it and putalteration in the MS it in a safe place under aunthistorical collation Sally’s bed. But while we was gone for spiders, little Thomas Franklin Benjamin Jefferson Elexander Phelpsexplanatory note found it there, and opened the door of it to see if the rats would come out, and they did; and aunthistorical collation Sally she come in, and when we got back she was a standing on top of the bedalteration in the MS raising Cain, and the rats was doing what they could to keep off the dull times foremendation her. So she took and dusted us both with the hickryalteration in the MS, and we was as much as two hours catching another fifteen or sixteen, drat that meddlesome cub,alteration in the MS and they warn’t the likeliest, nutheremendation, because the first haul was the pick of the flock. I never see a likelier lot of rats than what that first haul was.

We got a splendid stock of sortedemendation spidersalteration in the MS, and bugs, and frogs, and caterpillarshistorical collation, and one thing or another; and we like-to got a hornet’s nest, but we didn’t. The family was at home. We didn’t give it right up, but staid with them as long as we could; because we allowed we’d tire them out or they’d got to tire us out, and they done it. Then we got allycumpain and rubbed on the places, and was pretty near all right,historical collation again, but couldn’t set down convenient. And so we went for the snakes, and grabbed a couple of dozen garters and house-snakesemendation, and put them in a bag, and put it in our room, and by that time it was supper time, and a rattling good honest day’s work; and [begin page 330] hungry?alteration in the MS—oh, no, I reckon not! And there warn’t a blessedemendation snake up there, when we went back—we didn’talteration in the MS half tie the sack, and they worked out, somehow, and left. But it didn’t matteralteration in the MS much, because they was still on the premises somewheresalteration in the MS. So we judged we could get some of them again. No, there warn’t no real scarcity of snakes about the house for a considerbleemendation spell. You’demendation see them dripping from the rafters and places, every now and then; and they generlyalteration in the MS landedalteration in the MS in your plate, or down the back of your neck, andalteration in the MS most of the time where you didn’t want them. Well, they was handsome, and striped, and there warn’t no harm in a million of them; but that never made no difference to aunthistorical collation Sally, she despised snakes, be the breed what they might, and she couldn’t stand them,historical collation no way you could fix it; and every time one of them flopped down on her, it didn’t make no difference what she was doing, she would just lay that work downemendation and light out. I never see such a woman. And you could hear her whoop to Jericho. You couldn’t get her to take aholtalteration in the MS of one of them with the tongs. And if she turned over and found one in bed, she would scramble out and liftalteration in the MS a howl that you would think the house was afire. She disturbed the old man so, that he said he could most wish there hadn’t ever been no snakes created. Why, after every last snake had been gone clear outalteration in the MS of the house for as much as aalteration in the MS week, aunthistorical collation Sally warn’t over italteration in the MS yet; she warn’t nearemendation over it; when she was setting thinking about something, you could touch her on the back of her neck with a feather and she would jump rightalteration in the MS out of her stockings. It was very curious. But Tom said all women was just so. He said they was made that way; for some reason or other.

Weemendation alteration in the MS got a licking every time one of our snakes come in her way; and she allowed these lickings warn’t nothing to what she would do if we ever loaded up the place again with them. I didn’t mind the lickings, because they didn’t amount to nothing; but I minded the trouble we had, to lay in another lot. But we got them laid in,alteration in the MS and all the other things; and you never see a cabin as blithesomealteration in the MS emendation as Jim’s wasalteration in the MS when they’d all swarm out for music and go for him. Jim didn’t like the spiders, and the spiders didn’t like Jim; and so they’d lay for him and make it mighty warm for him.alteration in the MS And he said that between the rats, and the snakes, and the grindstone, there warn’t no room in bed for him, skasely; and when there was, a body couldn’t sleep, [begin page 331] it was so lively, and it was always lively, he said, becausealteration in the MS they never all slept at one time,alteration in the MS but took turn about, so when the snakes was asleep the rats was on deck, and when the rats turned in the snakes come on watch, so he always had one gang under him, in his way, and t’other gang having a circus over him, and if he got up to hunt a new place, the spiders would take a chancealteration in the MS emendation at him as he crossed over. He said if he ever got out, this time, he wouldn’t everalteration in the MS be a prisoner again, not for a salary.

sawdust diet.

Wellemendation, by the end of three weeks, everything was in pretty good shape. The shirt was sent in early, in a pie, and every time a rat bit Jim he would get up and write a little in his journal,historical collation whilst the ink was fresh; the pens was made, the inscriptions and so-onhistorical collation was all carved on the grindstone; the bed-leg was sawed in two, and we had et up the sawdust, and it give us a most amazingalteration in the MS emendation stomach-ache. We reckoned we was all going to die, but didn’t. It was the most undigestible sawdust I ever see; and Tom said the same. But as I was saying, we’demendation got all the work done, now, at last; and we was all pretty much fagged out, too, but mainly Jim. The old manalteration in the MS had wrote [begin page 332] a couple of times to the plantation below Orleans to come and get their runawayemendation nigger, but hadn’t got no answer, because there warn’t no such plantation; so he allowed he would advertise Jim in the St. Louis and New Orleans papers; and when he mentioned the St. Louis ones, it give me the cold shivers, and I see we hadn’t no time to lose. So Tom said, now for the nonnamous letters.alteration in the MS

“What’s them?” I says.

“Warnings to the people that something is up.alteration in the MS Sometimes it’s done one way, sometimes anotherexplanatory note. But there’s always somebody spying around, that gives notice to the governor of the castle. When Louis XVIhistorical collation was going to light out of the Tooleries, a servant girl done it. It’s a very good way, and so is the nonnamous letters. We’ll use them both. And it’s usual for the prisoner’s mother to change clothes with himexplanatory note, and she stays in, and he slides out in her clothes. We’ll do that,historical collation too.”

“But lookyherehistorical collation, Tom, what do we want to warn anybody for, that something’s up? Let them find it outalteration in the MS for themselves—it’s their lookoutemendation.”

“Yes, I know; but you can’t depend on them. It’s the way they’ve acted from the very start—left us to do everything.alteration in the MS They’re so confiding and mullet-headedhistorical collation they don’t take notice of nothing at all. So if we don’t give them notice, there won’t be nobody nor nothing to interfere with us, and soalteration in the MS after all our hard work andalteration in the MS trouble this escape ’ll go off perfectly flat: won’t amount to nothing—won’t be nothing to it.”

“Well, as for me, Tom, that’s the way I’dalteration in the MS like.”

“Shucks,” he says, and looked disgusted. So I says:

“But I ain’t going to make no complaint. Any wayhistorical collation that suits you suits me. What you going to do about the servant girlhistorical collation?”

“You’ll be her. You slide in, in the middle of the night, and hook that yaller girl’s frockemendation.”

“Why, Tom, that’ll make trouble,historical collation next morning,historical collation because of course she prob’lyhistorical collation hain’t got any but that one.”

“I know; but you don’t want it but fifteen minutes, to carry the nonnamous letter and shove it under the front door.”

“All right, then, I’ll do it; but I could carry it just as handy in my own togs.”

“You wouldn’t look like a servant girlhistorical collation then, would you?”

“No, but there won’t be nobody to see what I look like,alteration in the MS anyway alteration in the MS.”

[begin page 333] “That ain’t got nothing to do with it. The thing for us to do, is just to do our duty, and not worry about whether anybody sees us do it or not. Hain’t you got no principle at all?”

“All right, I ain’t saying nothing:historical collation I’m the servant girlhistorical collation. Who’s Jim’s mother?”

“I’m his mother.alteration in the MS I’ll hook a gown from aunthistorical collation Sally.”alteration in the MS

“Well, then, you’ll have to stay in the cabin when me and Jim leaves.”

“Not much. I’ll stuff Jim’s clothes full of straw and lay it on his bed to represent his mother in disguise, and Jim ’llemendation take aunt Sally’semendation gowntextual note off of me and wear italteration in the MS, and we’ll all evade together. When a prisoner of style escapes, it’s called an evasion. It’s always called so when a king escapes, frinstancehistorical collation. And the same with a king’s son; it don’t make no difference whether he’s a natural one or an unnatural one.”

So Tom heemendation wrote the nonnamous letter, and I smouched the yaller wench’s frockemendation, that night, and put it on, and shoved it under the front door, the way Tom told me to. It said:emendation

[begin page 334]

trouble is brewing.

Beware. Trouble is brewing. Keep a sharp lookout. Unknown alteration in the MS Friend.emendation textual note

Next night,historical collation we stuck a picture which Tom drawed in blood, of a skull and crossbonesemendation, on the front door; and next night another one of a coffin, on the back door. I never see a family in such a sweat. They couldn’t a been worse scared if the place had aalteration in the MS been full of ghosts laying for them behind everything and under the beds and shivering through the air.alteration in the MS If a door banged, aunthistorical collation Sally sheemendation jumped, and said “ouch!” if anything fell, she jumped and said “ouch!” if you happened to touch her, whenalteration in the MS she warn’t noticing, she done the same; she couldn’t face noway and be satisfied, because she allowed there was something behind her every time—alteration in the MSso she was always a whirling around, sudden, and saying “ouch,” and before she’d get two-thirds around, she’d whirl back again, and say it again; and she was afraid to go to bed, but she dasn’talteration in the MS set up. So the thing was working very well, Tom said; he said he never see a thing work more satisfactory. He said it showed it was done right.

So he said, nowalteration in the MS for the grand bulge! So the very next morning at the streak of dawn we got another letter readyalteration in the MS, and was wondering whatalteration in the MS we better do with it, because we heardalteration in the MS them say at supper they was going to have a nigger on watch at both doors all night. Tom healteration in the MS went down the lightning rodhistorical collation to spy around; and the nigger at the back door was asleep, and he stuck it in the back of his neckalteration in the MS and come back. This letter said:emendation

Don’t betray me, I wish to be your friend. There is a desprate emendation alteration in the MS gang of cutthroats from over in the Ingean Territory explanatory note going to steal your runaway nigger to-night emendation,alteration in the MS and they have been trying to scare you so as you will stay in the house and not bother them. I am one of the gang, but alteration in the MS have got religgion emendation and wish to quit it and lead a honest life again, and will betray the helish design. They will sneak down from northards alteration in the MS, along the fence, at midnight exact, with a false key, and go in the nigger’s cabin to get him. I am to be off a piece and blow a tin horn if I see any danger; but stead of that, I will ba emendation like a sheep soon as they get in and not blow at all alteration in the MS; then whilst they are getting his chains loose, you slip there and lock them in, alteration in the MS and can kill them at your emendation leasure. Don’t do anything alteration in the MS but just the way I am telling you, if you do they will suspicion something and raise whoopjamboreehoo alteration in the MS. I do not wish any reward but to know I have done the right thing. emendation Unknown Friend.textual note

Historical Collation Chapter XXXIX.
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  caterpillars (MS2)  ●  cater- | pillars (A) 
  right, (MS2)  ●  right  (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  them, (MS2)  ●  them  (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  journal, (MS2)  ●  journal  (A) 
  so-on (MS2)  ●  so on (A) 
  XVI (MS2)  ●  XVI. (A) 
  that, (MS2)  ●  that  (A) 
  lookyhere (MS2)  ●  looky here (A) 
  mullet-headed (MS2)  ●  mullet- | headed (A) 
  Any way (MS2)  ●  Anyway (A) 
  servant girl (MS2)  ●  servant-girl (A) 
  trouble, (MS2)  ●  trouble  (A) 
  morning, (MS2)  ●  morning; (A) 
  prob’ly (MS2)  ●  prob’- | bly (A) 
  servant girl (MS2)  ●  servant-girl (A) 
  nothing: (MS2)  ●  nothing; (A) 
  servant girl (MS2)  ●  servant-girl (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  frinstance (MS2)  ●  f’rinstance (A) 
  night, (MS2)  ●  night  (A) 
  aunt (MS2)  ●  Aunt (A) 
  lightning rod (MS2)  ●  lightning-rod (A) 
Editorial Emendations Chapter XXXIX.
  Chapter XXXIX (A)  ●  not in; extra line space (MS2) 
  keep . . . for (A)  ●  amuse (MS2) 
  nuther (A)  ●  neither (MS2) 
  sorted (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  house-snakes (C)  ●  house- || snakes (MS2)  house- | snakes (A) 
  blessed (A)  ●  blamed (MS2) 
  considerble (A)  ●  considerable (MS2) 
  You’d (A)  ●  You would (MS2) 
  that work down (A)  ●  down that work (MS2) 
  near (A)  ●  near  (MS2) 
  [¶] We (A)  ●  no We (MS2) 
  blithesome (A)  ●  gay (MS2) 
  chance (A)  ●  shy (MS2) 
  salary. [¶] Well (A)  ●  salary.  ||  extra line space; possibly chapter sink [¶] Well (MS2) 
  amazing (A)  ●  surprising (MS2) 
  we’d (A)  ●  we had (MS2) 
  runaway (A)  ●  run- | away (MS2) 
  lookout (A)  ●  look- | out (MS2) 
  frock (A)  ●  dress (MS2) 
  ’ll (A)  ●  will (MS2) 
  aunt Sally’s (C)  ●  the nigger woman’s (MS2 A) 
  he (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  wench’s frock (A)  ●  girl’s gown (MS2) 
  said: extra line space  (A)  ●  said: no extra line space  (MS2) 
  Friend. extra line space  (A)  ●  Friend. no extra line space  (MS2) 
  crossbones (A)  ●  cross- | bones (MS2) 
  she (A)  ●  not in  (MS2) 
  said: extra line space  (A)  ●  said: no extra line space  (MS2) 
  desprate  (A)  ●  desperate (MS2) 
  to-night  (A)  ●  to- | night (MS2) 
  religgion  (A)  ●  religion (MS2) 
  ba  (A)  ●  ba (MS2) 
  your  (A)  ●  you (MS2) 
  Don’t . . . thing.  (A)  ●  Don’t . . . thing. (MS2) 
Alterations in the Manuscript Chapter XXXIX.
 wire] interlined.
 and put] interlined above canceled ‘set’.
 bed] written over wiped-out ‘C’.
 hickry] originally ‘hicky’; ‘ry’ written over wiped-out ‘y’; follows canceled ‘hickory’.
 cub,] interlined in pencil above canceled ‘boy,’.
 spiders] follows ‘assorted’ canceled in pencil.
 hungry?] the question mark added in pencil.
 we didn’t] ‘we’ added in pencil.
 matter] followed by a canceled comma.
 somewheres] interlined.
 generly] originally ‘generally’; ‘al’ canceled.
 landed] interlined in pencil above canceled ‘fell’.
 and] follows canceled ‘or’.
 aholt] written over wiped-out ‘o’.
 and lift] interlined above canceled ‘and fetch’.
 out] follows canceled ‘of’.
 a] interlined.
 it] interlined in pencil.
 right] interlined in pencil.
 [¶] We] the MS reads [¶] ‘We’ (emended); follows canceled [¶] ‘It was so much’.
 in,] originally ‘in;’; the semicolon altered to a comma.
 blithesome] the MS reads ‘gay’ (emended); ‘gay’ interlined above canceled ‘lively’.
 was] interlined in pencil.
 him.] originally ‘him, you bet.’; the comma and ‘you bet.’ canceled, and the period added following ‘him’; all revisions in pencil.
 because] written over wiped-out ‘and’.
 one time,] interlined above canceled ‘once,’.
 chance] the MS reads ‘shy’ (emended); interlined in pencil above canceled ‘chance’.
 wouldn’t ever] ‘ever’ interlined in pencil.
 the bed-leg . . . letters.] originally ‘and we was all pretty much fagged out, too, but mainly Jim. So Tom said, now for the nonnamous letters.’; ‘too,’ interlined; then, ‘the bed-leg . . . up the sawdust,’ interlined on the recto of the MS page and ‘and it . . . last;’ added on the verso with instructions to turn over (the semicolon following ‘last’ possibly mended from a period); finally, on the recto, ‘and we . . . letters.’ canceled, and, on the verso, ‘and we . . . letters.’ added to replace it; the instructions on the verso to turn the MS page over canceled (with no new instructions written) when they intruded on the new material added to the revision.
 amazing] the MS reads ‘surprising’ (emended); interlined above canceled ‘amazing’.
 man] interlined.
 up.] followed by canceled quotation marks and wiped-out [¶] ‘ “What’.
 out] interlined.
 left us to do everything.] originally ‘left everything to us.’; ‘to us.’ canceled, ‘us to do’ interlined, and the period added after ‘everything’.
 so] interlined.
 hard work and] interlined.
 I’d] originallyI’d’; the underline below ‘I’ canceled.
 look like,] interlined above canceled ‘am,’.
  anyway] originally ‘anyway’; the underline added and canceled under ‘any’; then the cancellation wiped out and ‘any-way’ underlined.
 mother.] followed by canceled ‘You hoo’.
 a gown . . . Sally.”] originally ‘the nigger woman’s gown.” ’; ‘the nigger woman’s’, the period, and the quotation marks canceled; ‘a’ interlined preceding ‘gown’ and ‘from aunt Sally.” ’ added.
 wear it] follows canceled ‘put it’.
  Unknown] follows canceled ‘A Friend.’
 the place . . . air.] added on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over to replace canceled ‘they’d a tried.’
 a] interlined.
 when] written over wiped-out ‘s’.
 her every time—] originally ‘her.’; a dash written over the period; ‘every time’ interlined.
 dasn’t] written over ‘s’.
 he said, now] originally ‘now, he said,’; ‘now,’ canceled, and ‘now’ interlined.
 ready] follows canceled ‘ready, wrote in a more diff’; ‘wrote’ interlined.
 what] follows canceled ‘whether’.
 we heard] follows canceled ‘Tom’.
 he] interlined.
 stuck it . . . neck] interlined above canceled ‘laid it by his foot’; ‘it’ after ‘stuck’ written over wiped-out ‘in’.
  desprate] the MS reads ‘desperate’ (emended); originally ‘desperade’; ‘te’ written over wiped-out ‘de’; the emphasis added by instruction (see the textual note to 334.25–39).
  to-night,] originally ‘to- | night,’ (emended); followed by interlined and canceled ‘and praps other kinds of arson, too,’; the emphasis added by instruction.
  but] originally ‘but’; followed by canceled ‘I wish’; the emphasis added by instruction.
  northards] originally ‘northwards’; ‘w’ canceled; the emphasis added by instruction.
  and not blow at all] interlined; originally ‘and not blow at all’; the emphasis added by instruction.
  in,] interlined; originally ‘in,’; the emphasis added by instruction.
  anything] ‘anything’ interlined above canceled ‘nothing’; the emphasis added by instruction.
  whoopjamboreehoo.] originally ‘whoopjamboreewho.’; ‘hoo.’ written over wiped-out ‘who.’; the emphasis added by instruction.
Textual Notes Chapter XXXIX.
 aunt Sally’s gown] In the manuscript Tom says that Jim will take “the nigger woman’s gown” from him for the escape. But Tom has forgotten that he will be wearing Aunt Sally’s gown. The error remained uncorrected in the first edition.
  Beware . . . Friend.] In the left margin of the manuscript page alongside the text of Tom’s anonymous letter, Mark Twain wrote directions to the printer: “small type”, a nineteenth- [begin page 831] century convention for extracts. Presumably these instructions were repeated on the typescript, for they were carried out in the first edition. The extract is here styled according to the specifications of this edition.
  Don’t . . . thing. Unknown Friend.] In the top left corner of the manuscript page, above the text of the second anonymous letter, Mark Twain wrote, “Put this paragraph in italics”; below the letter he wrote “(end of italics)”. He later added “—or small type” to the first instruction and “or small type” to the second. If these instructions were transferred intact to the typescript, either by the typist or the author, the first edition nonetheless printed the text of the letter in both italics and reduced type. The printers probably chose italics for uniformity, because Mark Twain had specified them for the previous anonymous letter; it was house style to put all extracts in reduced type. This edition preserves the italics, but otherwise styles the extract to conform with its own specifications.
Explanatory Notes Chapter XXXIX.
 Thomas Franklin Benjamin Jefferson Elexander Phelps] Another Phelps offspring named after the “most revered literary and historical idols” of the time (see the note to 314.38–39). Samuel Clemens himself was delivered by a doctor named Thomas Jefferson Chowning; he had a father named after Chief Justice John Marshall, a brother named Benjamin, another named Orion, and even an uncle named Hannibal.
 Sometimes it’s done one way, sometimes another] Carlyle’s French Revolution, “Varennes,” chapters 3–4, tells of both: a palace chambermaid informed Commandant Gouvion of Louis XVI’s plans to escape from the Tuileries, and “a billet” warned “some Patriot Deputy.”
 it’s usual for the prisoner’s mother to change clothes with him] Many novels about the French Revolution tell of such exchanges, and for the flight to Varennes the dauphin actually dressed as a girl.
 Ingean Territory] The area known as Indian Territory originally included all the present state of Oklahoma, except the panhandle, and was set aside by the federal government as a home for certain Indian tribes who had been forced to relocate there during the 1820s and 1830s. Never an organized territory, it became a haven for white outlaws.