Mark Twain’s Working Notes
Mark Twain's notes for The Prince and the Pauper provide a remarkably varied record of the author at work. They comprise extensive notes on English history and long lists of words and idioms which Mark Twain copied from his reading, interspersed with some of his earliest ideas for the book. Later notes, obviously made during the course of composition, show the author jotting down new ideas and refining what he had already written. All of these notes, along with a discarded page from an early version of the book, have been presented here as faithfully as the rendering of handwriting into type permits.
The notes have been grouped on the basis of physical characteristics, comparison with the manuscript, the subject matter treated within each set, internal cohesion, and topical references. When Mark Twain numbered his pages, his numbers have been printed. In addition, a number has been given to each manuscript leaf within a sequence.
No emendations have been made in Mark Twain's holograph notes. His ampersands have been retained. Words with single underlinings are rendered in italics, those with double underlinings in small capital letters. Cancellations are included and marked by angle brackets: Hugo. Added words or phrases are preceded and followed by carets: butter-mouth. Additions in pencil or ink different from the original are rendered in boldface type: Tothill fields. Editorial explanations are in italics and enclosed in square brackets: circled in pencil. Mark Twain's alternative readings are separated by virgules: beguile/cheat.
The terms ink 1, ink 2, and ink 3 are used to designate Mark Twain's writing materials. Ink 1 is the violet ink Mark Twain used for the earliest pages of his manuscript, written before the summer of 1877; ink 2 is the purple ink he used for the portions of the manuscript written between late 1877 and the spring of 1880; ink 3 is the blue ink he used for the final portion of his manuscript, written between the late spring of 1880 and 1 February 1881.
All the notes are in the Mark Twain Papers.1 See the introduction (pp. 19–25) for full information on the works cited below by short title.
Another manuscript page, discovered too late for inclusion here, is in the Berg collection. It contains notes drawn from the first chapter of J. A. Froude's History of England, volume 1.
These notes were written on a torn half-sheet of Crystal-Lake Mills stationery measuring 20.5 by 12.5 centimeters (8 1/16 by 4 15/16 inches), the paper used most often in the first sixteen chapters of the manuscript. The notes in A-1 were written in ink 1, whereas the notes in A-2 were written in pencil upside down on the verso of the sheet. The ink inscription is obviously a discarded page of the original Victorian manuscript featuring Jim Hubbard. The pencil notes, which refer to medieval arms, were clearly written after Mark Twain had decided to use an earlier historical setting.
3
that bowed down to the ground before the princes, made his heart ache with envy; so there was no more happiness for him. Jim's father was a stevedore, or a coal-heaver, or something of that sort; a coarse, ignorant, passionate man, who often came home drunk, & brought a bottle of gin with him; & presently, w as soon as when his wife had caught up to his condition, the two would curse & fight. Jim & his brothers & sisters always came in for their share of cuffs & kicks, during the evening's performances, & then were likely to be sent to bed without any supper. Jim being the eldest of the children, usually got a share of the kicks & cuffs based on the English law of primogeniture. added on the verso of the manuscript page
The family had but one
Hawberk & helmet
The King's highness
Children had to have from 7 to 15, a bow & 2 arrows.2
[begin page 347]
Mark Twain wrote these pages of notes on Crystal-Lake Mills stationery in ink 2. On some of the pages, he later made additions in pencil; on B-8, in pencil and ink 3. Most of the references are to the third volume of Hume's History of England. The content of these notes suggests Mark Twain had not yet begun his book and was engaged in establishing the basic historical background for it.
1
Son of Jane Seymour who died in ch-bed.
Born Oct 12, `37. in child-bed.
Succeeds Jan 28 `47.
assent to Duke of Norfolk's attaint given by royal com'n the night of 27th & 2n of 28th—king dies & he is (I believe) saved . , but lies in the Tower till accessn of Mary.
Henry buried at Windsor Feb. 16—big funeral.
Anne Askew & 3 others burnt as Sacramentarians July 16, `46.
Edward (the real one) is crowned Feb. 20.
2
His uncle the Lord High Admiral Protector Somerset was the real king at first—quite a warrior.
Time, Jan. 20 28 to Feb. 20.3
[begin page 348]
3
Put this in.
Cath. Parr (good sense & good talker) disputed with Henry, (she leaned to the religious reformers),. Henry provoked because she disagreed. He complains to Gardiner (Arch” Cant?) who suggests her destruction. Chancellor (who?) seconds; Henry orders impeach articles; Wriothely draws them up—This paper Tom gets hold of & shows to the queen. See p. 303 Hume.
Henry's natural son, Duke of Richmond, married a daughter of Duke of Norfolk (p. 305. Norfolk's son, the earl
4
Page 307
of Surrey. Both towered at once—Surrey beheaded Jan. 19.—let that begin this tale.
HSurrey had refused to marry Hertford's daughter. Henry believed he wanted to marry Mary.
Let Tom plead for Surrey.
Also for Norfolk.
Cranmer refused to help House of Lords & Commons destroy Norfolk.
Nobody with pluck enough to tell the terrible King he is going to die. Poor Tom does & gets a fine blowing up. “By the Splendor of God!” &c.
5
After Tom, Sir Anthony Denny does it, too.
He will know Lady Jane Grey, his cousin—very learned.—his own age.
Also Mary, of Kath of Arragon. born 1516.
Eliz, born 1533. of Anne Boleyn.
M. P.'s had 4s a day, knights of shires, burgesses 2s.
[begin page 349]Katherine Howard lies in the Tower 3 mos & beheaded.
Kath Parr 4 yrs queen.
All monasteries dissolved & granted to Henry 1539.
6
E
65 written perpendicularly above “burnings”
Religious burnings.
Shaxton, ex- Bish of Salisbury, who preached ex-Sacramentarian, reformed, & preached at Askew's burning, begging her to re conform. He was still alive in 1556.
Anabaptists burnt.
People burnt for denying the royal authority in religious matters.
Henry's marriages, page 284 Annual.
No natural brothers or sisters surviving to Ed's time.
7
P. 314 Hume
Every man had to have a bow—but hand guns & X bows prohibited—no gatlings.
London could muster 15000 fighting men—that means a popn of 75,000.
Tom sees carrots, lettuce & turnips for the first time.
15000 foreign artificers in London. & 30,000 natives, (?)—that suggests a pop of 225 to 250,000. say 200,000.
Plenty tramps.
60,000 in prison for debt & crime at one time.
72,000 executed in Henry's reign, for theft & robbery.
[begin page 350]8
P. 317 Hume.
Wages, prices of food, rent of farms.
4
Coronation 424 Froude, 1 v.5
Tothill fields 6
Mary comes like the rest to do him homage as King.
Tom's handwriting & his thoughtless signing of “Tom Canty” to a State document, betrays him
No, he hurts his right hand & after always scrawls Edward Rex with his left.
| 58,000 | |
| 187,000 | |
| 40,000 | 485,000 |
| 200,000 | 50 |
| 485,000 | 535, |
on verso of B-9
| 1000 | ||
| 142,000 | ||
| 90,000 | 232 | |
| 232,000 | 58 | |
| 58 | 40 | 58000 |
| 174 | 33,333 | 33,000333 |
| 363,333 | 25 - |
These notes were written in pencil on a large sheet of lined tablet paper measuring 31.7 by 20.5 centimeters (12 7/16 by 8 1/16 inches), which has a three-part, red/blue/red, ledger-style rule 3.5 centimeters (1⅜ inches) from the left margin. The references are to Sir Walter Scott's Fortunes of Nigel and the fifth volume of Froude's History of England. In these notes Mark Twain's “v” is a roman numeral, not an abbreviation for “volume.”
Alsatia (or Whitefriars) was legal refuge (See Nigel, introduction.
Hertford ambitious to be good to poor & have a reign of more liberty & without blood—this accounts for his allowing Tom to be kind—Froude v 17
Made in Council Feb. 16, Hertford Duke of Somerset, his brother Sir Thomas Seymour lord Seymour of Sudleye, Lord Parr Marquis of Northampton, Lisle & Thos Lord Wriothesley (Archb of Cant & Lord Chancellor) & Lisle Viscount Lisle Earls of Warwick & Southampton.
Jan. 31st Hertfrd made Lord Protector
The Executors (Council) F v 18.
Young Kingsale7
Cranmer Archb of Cant
Mark Twain wrote these language notes in pencil on eighteen sheets of Crystal-Lake Mills stationery and enclosed them in a folded sheet of Old Berkshire Mills stationery, which he labeled “Middle-Age phrases for a historical story.” D-3 bears the number “42” written and canceled in ink 2. The top third of D-5 has been torn off.
The notes in D-1 and D-2 are primarily drawn from the scenes involving Falstaff in Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 1 (act 1, scene 2; act 2, scenes 1–4; act 3, scene 3; act 4, scene 2). The remainder of the notes in Group D are based on two Scott romances, Ivanhoe (D-3 and D-4 from chapters 1–9) and Kenilworth (D-5 through D-18 from chapters 1–4). Page references to Scott's works correspond to the pagination of the “Abbotsford” edition (Edinburgh and London: Robert Cadell, 1844), a handsome illustrated twelve-volume set that Clemens acquired in Edinburgh in August 1873 (Clemens' postscript on Olivia L. Clemens to Mrs. Jervis Langdon, 2–6 August 1873, Mark Twain Memorial, Hartford, Conn.).
“Room for the King!” “place for the King!” (Shak.) Enter King, attended
by 2 dukes.
Please you, sir (to King.) Shak. Peace!
Old sack
Dials—
God save thy grace
Buff jerkin
it jumps with my humor
S'blood— s' death.
melancholy as a gib cat
'tis like, that they will know us.
Anon, anon (presently)
'Odsbody!
Nay, soft, I pray ye
Lend me thy lantern quoth 'a
foot land-rakers (footpads)
thou purple-hued malt-worm!
You muddy knave
Peace, yet fat-kidneyed rascal
Happy man be his dole (lucky be he)
Goodman—goodwife
S Then am I a shotten herring (rotten)
Seven, by these hilts, or I am a villain else.
3 misbegotten knaves
thou clay-brained fool
thou slave! (Shak)
hearts of gold!
What manner of man, an it like yr majesty.?
My noble lord (to King) Shak
Hide thee behind the arras.
He shall be answerable
Known as well as Pauls (K. Henry IV 4 )
& now you pick a quarrel to beguile/cheat me of it
Come from eating draff & husks
I cry you mercy my good lord
[begin page 353]
The curse of—
I am no true man
A murrain take thee
The curse of Cain upon thee
The father of mischief confound him
fain
touching these matters
son of Mahound! (Mahomet)
Hugo
What in the name of witch's name is thee matter
Haply it is so
Haste thee, knave! (servant)
Begone!
Churl
thou clown! thou clod! thou basket tub of entrails
thou sh whey-faced, lily-livered varlet!
—hath neither the fear of earth nor awe of heaven
mighty ale—a flagon—a cup—
broach the cask
dance a measure
Sh Sirrah—villain
that were still somewhat on the bow-hand of fair justice
Go to
Way for the King!
Tilt—in Ivanhoe.
I crave pardon
drink wassail to the fair
That will I do, blithely
By the soul of my father
a bonny monk
gnaw the bowels of our nobles with usury.
I trow
Lord High Steward of England (obsolete?)
By the light of Heaven
[begin page 354] Gramercy
in the fiend's name
Gramercy for thy courtesy (derision)
Wot ye who he is?
By my faith
Good morrow & well met
As I belong to worship (am too respectable to venture to lie)
Misfortune speed him!
Kingsale—Tush, man!
Pepys
Kenilworth
Giles
Tabard Inn in Southwark
Harry, Hal
Bear & Rugged Staff
Will
Loose jacket, linen breeches, linen cap for cook landlord green apron napkin over arm, velvet cap
Beshrew my heart else
pewter flagon of Rhenish
best canaries—& mulled sack
jerkin & cloak
pike & caliver Gramercy
think so basely
gallants
Robin
the caliver that fired the ball
cannon
that I would give a peeled codling for
By the mass
kinsman
Michael—Mike
cavalier
warehouse—shop
[begin page 355] Put in a printer
tapster's boy
gallows branded on left shoulder for stealing a caudle-cup
Slipping aside his ruff & turning pushing down the sleeve of his doublet from his neck & shoulder
dame
goodwife
swine
wend
indifferently
thriftless—
godless
infidel
wench
Laurence
mercer
haberdasher
lawns, cypresses & ribands
Spital
a cup of clary
Benedict
clerk of the parish
the hangman—brands people.
broad slouched hat & plume
laced wristbands
nonage
broils
hang-dog that I am
I have suffered him to sit
guerdon
largesse! largesse!
bonny
spitchcock'd eels
I pray you of your courtesy
[begin page 356] tankard
beaker
treason—everything is
legs swathed with a hay-wisp, a thatched felt bonnet.
their jerkin as thin as a cobweb
a pouch without ever a cross to keep the fiend from dancing it.
jovial
mar-feast
stand & deliver
crowns s. & d.
guineas! nobles—helo he talks in like a very lord!
his hat awry
Hounslow heath
ruffler
you wot not
'twas gospel
pluck his plumes forfrom him
worshipful
trowl the cup right merrily
jolly good ale & olde.
this savors of
swashing Will of Wallingford
swashbuckler
pursuivant's warrant
crossbow shaft
clothyard” Dick
Tony Foster
roasted heretic for breakfast
Reeve to the abbot
purse of nobles & angels
quotha!
poor wight
belted knight
rest her soul!
men keep such a coil about
[begin page 357] the postern door was upon the latch
peach-colored doublet pinked out with cloth of gold
a silken jerkin & hose
what-d'ye-lack sort o' countenance
velvet bonnet, ostrich or Turkey feather—
gold brooch
shew
come, gentles,
Marry confound thine impudence
pudding face
sarsenet butter-mouth
hearken to him slate-face8
maugre all the gibes & quips of his
peradventure
ambling palfrey
lattice
lady's dress—20, Kenilworth
lily-livered slave
quartern of sack
this bout
a piece of Hollands
lay you up in lavender (jail
the town-stocks—put him in (the wooden pinfold)
value no more'n shelled peascod
By St George
valor
Nay if it pleasure you
Nay
emprise
Wilt thou chop logic with me?
galloon lace
doughty
By St Julian
swilled
swill
smut
blasphemy
[begin page 358]
salver
Three Cranes in the Vintry, the most topping tavern in London.
The Mitre in Fleet?
Fleet Prison & marriages.
bide his wager
purlieu
new-laid eggs & muscadine for breakfast
LGiles
paid scot & lot
swasher
six-hooped pot
a carder, a dicer
mine host
Troth I know/wot not
bedizened
sold himself to the devil
Manor-house—
another clay than we are
Cicely
clary
canaries
sack
e'en let her go her way o' God's name
how brave thou be'st, lad (dress
sad-colored suit
country-breeding
carves to me last
Coming, friend (makes prince mad
When the stake is made the game must be played
gamester
sack-butt
do me the grace
forfeit
Harry-nobles—gold
cold steel
wooded park
[begin page 359] linsey-woolsey fellow
White-friars
no saint & no saver
toper
his humor jumps with mine
La you there now!
swallow chaff for grain
a scant-of-grace
forsooth!
groat
a wealthy chuff
rose-nobles
make the best on't
A building—28 Ken
doublet of russet leather girt with buff belt— (dudgeon dagger) long knife
& cutlass
ingle-side
capon
friend, gossip & playfellow
gallows-bird
jail-rat
as low as to thy midriff
caitiff
churl
clown
Tyburn tippet—so they did the hanging there?
Uds daggers!
fald-stool
puritanical
Prince dress—p. 31 Ken
books with great clasps & heavy bindings—Caxton & Wynkyin
Yeoman's service
Pshaw
[begin page 360] Popish
papist
kennel
Gad-a-mercy
prithee peace
peace, dog!
mire
slop-pouch
thou canst not dance in a net & not be seen
Look you
lyme-hound to track wounded buck
gaze-hound to kill him at view
a currish proposal
ill-nurtured whelp
Milan visor—armor
Dress Tom in armor9
debauch
your falling band—linen falling down in front?
trunk-hose
carnal weapon—sword
puritan
priest with book at girdle
poniard
squire a dame
squire
esquire
hawk & hound
flat-cap'd thread-maker
mercer
give the wall to her
swaggerer —ing word
[begin page 361] putting a jape upon you (deceit
thou sodden-brained gull
filthy horn of stable lantern
By the holy cross of Abingdon
by the rood
sweet friend
masquer
mask
who shall gainsay me?
maiden
Sir Harbottle Grimstone10
thy base unmannered tongue
Uds precious!
Knave Varlet
Parliament bill brought to Tom in French couldn't read it.
costard—breast?
away, base groom!
Avaunt
tarry not
by blood & nails
meddling coxcomb
withal
slouched hat & drooping feather
What make you here?
carrion-crow—batten
kite—maw11
Draw & defend
rapier (Elizabeth shortened them—let her say she will12
put up yr fox (sword)
[begin page 362]
Mark Twain wrote these notes in pencil on torn half-sheets of unlined wove paper measuring 17.8 by 11.5 centimeters (7 by 4½; inches), the same paper he used exclusively for the second half of the book beginning with chapter 17. Nearly all the phrases were drawn from chapters 2 through 8 of Quentin Durward.
prithee, gossip, come
By St Anne but he is a peproper youth
By my halidome
fair son,
my gossip (my comrade)
he hath little in his head but honesty & the fear of God
bill of charges
Rest you merry, fair master
a cup of burnt sack
hawking
paladin
pulled his bonnet over his eye
Hold, hold, most doughty man
Hark ye
mockery
ducat (not used)
Nay
By Heaven
a flight-shot (arrow-shot) distant
hostelry
bestow
baldric
wine-pot
the brethren of the joyous science (war
the festival of St Jude last by-past.
I bethink me (I remember)
I doubt not your warranty
grand feudatories
[begin page 363] He will give me good advice for my governance.
in guerdon of his service
gird at him
soothsayers & magicians, jugglers
a button of his jerkin
(Dress of arms about p. 54 Q. Durward)
You shall abye it (answer for it)
with my humble duty
cavalier of honor
csoldier of fortune
damsel
sdamosel
keep their state
shew
comfits—comfiture
bid yonder lady
bring hither
hark
hark in your ear
look you
the foul fiend
makes both serve him, for as for as great princes as they be
good master
sirrah
old cozening quean13
halberd
Have a council concerning matters relating to foreign countries.
have a rouse (spree), carouse.
By my hilts!
thou shalt be dearly welcome
[begin page 364] ay—aye
the weal or woe
fair cousin—said to a prince
By St Hubert
St Dunstan
“ Willibald
“ Swithin
Body o' me.
this brawling ruffler of the camps
his retinue of pursuivants & trumpets
coxcomb
I will nail my gauntlet to these gates
masterful
Marry & amen!
malapert ambassador
kindled with shame—kindling eye
on verso of E-4
Description of Tom in a fresh suit of armor sent to him—88 Q. Durward.inflamed
Tom is to the King's Ward in Xs Hospital
He & Hendon are to live out the century & he longer.
A stately proclamation to Tom—90 Ib.
Mark Twain wrote most of these notes in ink 2 on the versos of sheets from the printed playscript of Ah Sin, making some additions in pencil and ink 3. He made the notes early in the composition of The Prince and the Pauper; their content suggests that they were set down before he had completed chapter 7 of the manuscript.
Tom begins by abolishing all sorts of harsh laws by his simple command. Herberttfd & council object by T is firm—Am I not King? Hertford persuades him to withhold execution a month hoping he forget. sidelined in ink 3
[begin page 365]Meantime, Prince is suffering these punishments & resolving to abolish them.
Sees a woman burned—going to stop that, too. Siezes axe, “I am King!” & rushes to cut her loose.
Tom & Mary talk—she urges for Pope & papacy & wants burnings. sidelined in ink 3
Tom says “No! let me but hear of a burning, & I—sidelined in ink 3
Speech-dog.
Visit queen Parr
Insert inquiry about Seal. The K says, I told you do so & so with it.
Lords intriguing over will between 1 & daylight.
Ordering Norfolk's death by Commission.
140 servants for Tom.
Canty kills somebody & all fly.
Reflections of the 2 boys when they wake. Sir Wm. Herbert sleeps in room or closet with Tom—other servants & guards in ante-r. Tom asks, “Did I so & so yesterday, or dream it?”
Crowds of people in ante rooms—the K! the K!
Champion rides in.
True prince appears in rags from concealment in Ed Ed Confesrs tomb—hidden there & watched by his rough friend.
He offers plenty proofs—languages, &c—courtiers afraid to speak—Hertford alone says he is willing to risk his head by calling him fully believing in him if he can correctly answer one? Where is the great Seal? In right hand steel & gold gauntlet, present in cabinet. Describe this through Tom's eyes. Tom used it (to crack nuts with?)
Messenger inquires about the Cantys.
[begin page 366]2
Messire written in pencil above “St John”
Seems to me St John ought to manoever about the prince, too, but desire to keep him out, since he can the better manage a mild mad & ignorant mad man.
He is the reason why the prince is never discovered, though always on the point of being. His spy hunts in couples with Hertford's & so is always on hand to prevent, by doing prince pretended favors & warnings & getting him away.
Tom's friend suspects, & gets him away to Abbey privately, in time for cor.
Hertford says, No human creature would deny being
the prince, but would gladly lie the reverse, with so fine an opportunity—of course the boy is mad!
At that first luncheon the prince, out of his princely good breeding, sends servants away lest their presence embarrass Tom. written in pencil and canceled in ink 2
May I pick my teeth myself
Wants to discharge his servants.
George (collar) & garter where he dines in public circled in ink 3
Mary Queen of Scots 5 4 yrs & 1 month old in `47 sidelined in ink 3
P Hertford, Mary & Bishops pester the soul of Tom with intrigues &
17 pleadings for this thing & that, sidelined in ink 3
57
6
The ball & mask after banquet—see Hunt for costumes.
Tom's first ceremonial dinner, with cup-bearers, & napkin-holders, & lightsnuffers—not allowed to do anything for himself. Eats with his fingers—is surprised at the vegetables—asks their names.
[begin page 367]H.—“Tis the prince's humor of his madness—humor it in all ways. Privately instructs Tom how to eat & put out his hand to be kissed.”
Kings death announced in midst of Mask—confusion & hurry & excitement—mask breaks up—obsequious homage to Tom—“Live the King!” Barge it home in solemn state & slow oars, with the tide—deep tolling bells.
Purple for Mourning.
Court goes into mourning, & pulls sad faces
Henry's funeral—perpetual masses.
Passages between Guilford Dudley & lady Jane.
Tom—“He is King, & I am not”—(at Coronation.)
These notes were written in pencil on the front of a folded sheet of Crystal-Lake Mills stationery. The page citations refer to Lucy Aikin's Memoirs of the Court of Queen Elizabeth, which was first published in 1818 and several times reissued. Mark Twain apparently had originally planned to develop the role of the young Elizabeth more fully.
Elizabeth dressed with exceeding simplicity in Edward's time—60 Court of Q E.
Letter from Elizabeth to Tom about his health—62 & about H's place.
Let Tom's judgments & dining in public be put off a week. but meet Council first day, as now.14
Strike out his talk with Hum. Eliz & Lady Jane till after his talk with Humphrey.
[begin page 368]Put off the talk with Humphrey several days. if pos-
The letter accommodates matters, so Eliz returns from Hatfield— —62.
Tom teaches Eliz & Lady Jane to make mud pies.
These notes were written in pencil on the outer pages of a folded sheet of lined laid paper measuring 20.2 by 12.4 centimeters (7 15/16 by 4⅞ inches), embossed with a female head in profile. The page references are to Trumbull's True-Blue Laws. Mark Twain evidently made the notes before writing chapter 15, where the poisoner condemned to be boiled to death appears, as well as the woman and child accused of having “raised a storm by pulling off their stockings.”
1
Crimes & Penalties.
Introduction to Blue Laws.
Petitioning the King against a judge for injustice, ears cut off &c.—11.
Man who wrote imprudent tract against maypoles, festivals, &c, fined £5000, ears cut—he is proceeding to have the remains of his ears cut off—12
Pressing to death—12
Women's punishments for counterfeiting, irreligion &c, to be burnt alive —12
(At Tyburn Prince may be, & see these.
Poisoners boiled to death—a law of H. VIII repealed by Edward VI. 13 2d larceny of 13 pence, death—13
The prince, in the kindness of
2
his heart, finding a crippled falcon, takes it up & succors it—it is found on him—he is accused by the real thief of stealing it, & is thrown into prison to await trial—penalty is death without benefit of clergy—13.
[begin page 369]The prince is badly treated by gypsies
The prince sees 2 Dutch Baptists burnt—16
To speak in derogation of Book of Common Prayer, 100 marks; 17
Baptists could not make wills or receive legacies 17
He sees a witch & daughter 9 yrs burnt & approves. They had sold their souls to the devil—so enemies said—& raised a storm by pulling off their stockings—if Nan or Bet & Mother, they hadn't any.
Mark Twain wrote these notes in pencil on torn half-sheets of Crystal-Lake Mills stationery, making additions in ink 3 in I-6.
1
Edw. mourns for his father (weeps).
Tom dines in greater state, as King (see Lee Hunt).15
Touches Tom touches (his mother or sisters or father) & others for King's evil.16
A bear-leader captures Ed. & makes him put pass the hat for pennies—This bearleader is Canty. of a gang of tramps who rove like gypsies (evicted to make sheep farms) In the tramp camp find Canty. Describe orgies. Miracle-playing troup for kitchens. Short card & dicing sharps (a man pl may play with his own servant)—see Blue Laws.
Let them talk familiarly of this one & that one hanged, branded, burned for a witch &c, to Ed's horror. He finally blazes
2
out in his royal character about what he will do, &c,
to the immense amuse-
[begin page 370]
ment of the guffawing gang, who crown him, sceptre
him & do him mock homage as Foo-foo the First King of the
Shadows Mooncalves. With this gang he in time sees all
the punishments inflicted. Sometimes he exercises the pardoning power
& is laughed at. Gets cuffs.
He has furnished a letters in Greek, & Latin & French to Hendon who is to send them to Court in evidence that he is prince. Hendon values them not, but carries them about him & forgets them. Being in a close place, later, after Ed is stolen he exhibits them as says they are certificate that he has been flogged.17 Canty, covetous of this free pass, steals it from Hendon. Only a fragment is left, which reads: “That I am the rightful King of England I can prove; likewise that Mar the lady Mary & the lady E are my sisters. And I do hereby warn all,
3
on pain of death . . . . .”
Gets to hand of officer who can read it—asks Canty if he claims all therein stated—he does—thrown in prison for high treason. Ed as King, sends pardon, but too late.
The tramps have taken away Hendon's clothes & reclothed him & sent him to beg. —they admire him for getting—finds favor with the gang because he has been flogged & is an old tramp & no gentleman—watches every opportunity to steal Ed away, but is watched too closely.
Night before Coronation—both boys striking for liberty, with deep-laid plans & bribed help—Tom's comes conscience will not let him be crowned. He comes within a hair of escaping—just the act of a mad King.
4
Show how Tom, finding discovery is not likely, loses his fears; then begins to take an interest in seeing how well he can play King; consequently soon [begin page 371] begins to enjoy his pomps—requires 50 more Gents at Arms—but from that moment the struggle begins between his conscience & his new enjoyment of his pomps—a struggle in which conscience will finally win, & at last his only desire will be to get rid of the poisoned sceptre—he will be melancholy, hours together, & the ingenuity of the court will be taxed to amuse him.
Part of this is remorse for having touched his mother for King's evil & refused to receive her embrace or acknowledge her. though he slips a handful of gold to her. From that moment his pleasure is gone & he sets spies abroad to find her & the King.
His first joy is born of that state dinner.
5
One of his fears, when he is to drive in state to the city is that he may meet some member of his family & be betrayed. It is on this trip that he touches for the evil in (St Paul's?)
The progress to Paul's is for thanksgiving for his entire restoration to health & occurs between the funeral (16th) & the coronation (20th).
He ratifies He Somerset's dukedom Jan. 31, & Somerset18 then becomes Protector.
Not wholly happy at the state dinner, but the dawn of happiness glimmers then.
Miss Martineau describes a coronation. See “Little Duke.”19
If necessary have a tournament on the Bridge, from Scott.
Shall Edward see funeral at Windsor?
[begin page 372]6
Edward must show grief for his father's death—Tom none.
Proposition of marriage with little Mary Queen of Scots, 4 yrs old.—no, 5.
King out in a bitter snow storm. written diagonally below other entries
Mark Twain wrote these notes in pencil on the outer pages of two folded sheets of the same paper he used for Group H.
Tom (as King) gives Father Andrew a large pension—Edward afterward confirms it. sidelined in ink 3
Tom had near 2400 servants (page 119 MS).20
Hendon shall vagabondize on a bought certificate that he has been whipped & imprisoned for begging
The prince hears of the death of the King that night & proclamation of Tom.
Prince is called Lambert Simnel & Perkin Warbeck.21
[begin page 373]This note was written in pencil on a torn half-sheet of lined laid paper, measuring 20.2 by 12.5 centimeters (7 15/16 by 4 15/16 inches), embossed with an ornate crest picturing a half moon and star. Although the reference to Timbs and Hunt, authors cited in The Prince and the Pauper, suggests that this note dates from the summer of 1879, it is possible that Clemens wrote it on one of his three earlier trips to London between 1872 and 1874. Stow's Survey of London was first published in 1598; “Walks” may refer to any of several pedestrian guides to London.
Page 1.
Nobody in town.—Bought Timbs—Walks—Stowe—Leigh Hunt, & a lot of other authorities & read about a thing, then went leisurely to see it.
Mark Twain wrote these notes in pencil on three sheets of the same paper he used for the note in K-1. The work from which the references to the Tower of London and Sir Walter Raleigh were culled has not been identified. The connection between these notes and the plot of the Prince and the Pauper is tenuous at best. Like K-1, these notes may date from an earlier visit to London and perhaps reflect Mark Twain's early interest in writing a travel book about England.
1
Drunken habits of James I & his court—Hunt—413
“The Tower”
The fascination of spots which have seen history—grass grows not where Boleyn was beheaded—nor elsewhere. added on the verso of the manuscript page
[begin page 374]
Londoner's don't visit Tower.
It is ancient slaughter house of nobles Kings—
KneKilling of Jack Straw—34
2
| Exiled to Isle of Wight! | 36 |
| Richd IIs death | 36 |
| Orleans's imprisonment | 40 |
| Quote Shaks & Froissart.23 | |
| Argument as to Perkin Warbeck | 40 |
| See “Cameos.”24 | |
| Burial of the Princes, & hanging of the murderers | 47 |
| Wanted to burn Archbishop | 49 |
| About Anne Boleyn | 56 |
| The Killing | 57 |
| Murder of Overbury | 154 |
| Dress to hang in | 155 |
| Saved his soul | 156 |
| Used to gouge prisoners | ” |
| Singular kindness of servant | 157 |
| Fate of the principals | 158 |
| Farewell letter of Raleigh | 162 |
3
Raleigh's company in Tower while writing his history—among them his wife—had a son born there Discourses & talks on chemistry—real comfortable times—best circumstances possible in which to write. 165
Been there 8 yrs then.
Imprisoned on a trivial trumped up charge. James robbed the son of his estate because he “maun have it for Carr.”—a creature.
R. couldn't even “walk up the hill within the Tower.” Afterwards allowed.
| Guiana expedition | 169. |
| Imprisoned again | 171 |
| (under old sentence) | 172 |
| His speech for few days repite | 172 |
| Remark about axe | 174 |
| Execution | 175 |
Wife kept head till death, 30 yrs—like daughter of More—was it a custom? —must have been a collection of heads in most noble houses.
This note was written in ink 2 on the torn upper half of a folded sheet of lined wove paper.
Inscribe to J.
Make portraits from the same photograph, & let artist dress one in rags, 'tother en prince—Call one Tom, aged 6 & tother The Prince of Wales, aged 6.