Edited with an Introduction by John S. Tuckey

Text Established by Kenneth M. Sanderson
and Bernard L. Stein

Series Editor Frederick Anderson

UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS

Berkeley, Los Angeles, London

1972, 2020

The following abbreviations have been used for citations in the notes in this volume. Unless otherwise indicated, all manuscripts are in the Mark Twain Papers, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. Unpublished writings are identified by the number assigned to the manuscripts in the files of the Mark Twain Papers.

MS      Manuscript
MT      Mark Twain
MTP      Mark Twain Papers, Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley
SLC      Samuel L. Clemens
TS      Typescript

Published Works Cited

DE       The Writings of Mark Twain, Definitive Edition (New York: Gabriel Wells, 1922–1925)
LE       Letters from the Earth, ed. Bernard DeVoto (New York: Harper & Row, 1962)
MSM       Mark Twain's Mysterious Stranger Manuscripts, ed. William M. Gibson (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969)
MTA       Mark Twain's Autobiography, ed. Albert Bigelow Paine (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1924)
MTB       Albert Bigelow Paine, Mark Twain: A Biography (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1912)
MT&GWC       Arlin Turner, Mark Twain and G. W. Cable (East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 1960)
MTHHR       Mark Twain's Correspondence with Henry Huttleston Rogers, ed. Lewis Leary (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1969)
MTHL       Mark Twain-Howells Letters, ed. Henry Nash Smith and William M. Gibson (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, Belknap Press, 1960)
MTSP       Louis J. Budd, Mark Twain: Social Philosopher (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1962)
NAR       North American Review
WWD       Mark Twain's Which Was the Dream? and Other Symbolic Writings of the Later Years, ed. John S. Tuckey (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1966)