Explanatory Notes
Apparatus Notes
MTPDocEd
[begin page 394]
Passage from “Outlines of History” (suppressed.)

Date, 9th century

(Early 1900s)

Like “Glances at History,” this essay is intended to be understood as a fragment of suppressed history. With “Glances at History,” it was published as part of the “Papers of the Adam Family”1 and was also apparently written between 1900 and 1905, probably between 1900 and 1902. Not a part of “Eddypus,” it offers an alternate fantasy of the collapse of the Great Republic and the rise of a form of monarchical tyranny. In his Autobiographical Dictation of 15 January 1907 Clemens commented further on the inevitability of monarchy:

Republics have lived long, but monarchy lives forever. By our teaching, we learn that vast material prosperity always brings in its train conditions which debase the morals and enervate the manhood of a nation—then the country's liberties come into the market and are bought, sold, squandered, thrown away, and a popular idol is carried to the throne upon the shields or shoulders of the worshiping people, and planted there in permanency.

In prophesying a new version of monarchy, Clemens may have had in mind what the twentieth century learned to call a dictatorship—as the rise to power of the shoemaker and the militaristic basis of that power may suggest.

Editorial Notes
1 

LE , pp. 107–111.

Textual Commentary

The manuscript is copy-text; the author's unrevised typescript is also in the Mark Twain Papers. A double “x” follows the page numbers in both manuscript and typescript, in accordance with the numbering system Mark Twain developed for the works in his Adam and Eve sequence. Presumably he once intended to integrate “Outlines” and its companion pieces, “Glances at History” and “Passage from a Lecture,” in his sequence of biblical writings. The relationship of the three works to the Adam and Eve writings is discussed more fully in the headnote to “Passage from a Lecture.”

[begin page 395]
Passage from “Outlines of History” (suppressed.)

Date, 9th century

x x x But it was impossible to save the Great Republic. She was rotten to the heart. Lust of conquest had long ago done its work; trampling upon the helpless abroad had taught her, by a natural process, to endure with apathy the likealteration in the MS at home; multitudes who had applauded the crushing of other people's liberties, lived to suffer for their mistake in their own persons. The government was irrevocably in the hands of the prodigiously richalteration in the MS and their hangers-on, the suffrage was become a mere machine, which they used as they chose. There was no principle but commercialism, no patriotism but of the pocket.alteration in the MS From showily and sumptuously entertaining neighboring titled aristocraciesemendation, and from trading their daughters to them, the plutocrats came in the course of timealteration in the MS to hunger for titles and heredities themselves. The drift towardalteration in the MS monarchy, in some form or other, began; it was spoken of in whispers at first, later in a bolder voice.

It was now that that portent called “The Prodigy” rose in the far Southemendation. Army after army, sovereignty after sovereignty went downalteration in the MS under the mighty tread of the shoemaker, and still he held his conquering way—North, always North. The sleeping republic awoke at last, but too late. It drove the money-changers from the temple, and put the government into clean hands—but all to no purpose. To keep the [begin page 396] power in their own hands, the money-changers had long beforealteration in the MS bought up half the country with soldier-pensions and turned a measure which had originally been a righteous one into a machine for the manufacture of bond-slaves—a machine which was at the same timealteration in the MS an irremovableemendation instrument of tyranny—for every pensioner had a vote, and every man and woman who had ever been acquainted with a soldier was a pensioner; pensionsalteration in the MS were dated back to the Fall, and hordes of men who had never handled a weapon in their lives camealteration in the MS forward and drew three hundred years' back-pay. The country's conquests, so far from being profitable to the Treasury, had been an intolerable burden from the beginning. The pensions, the conquests, and corruption together, had brought bankruptcy in spite of the maddest taxation, the government's credit was gone, the arsenals were empty, the country unprepared for war. The military and naval schools, and all commissioned offices in the army and navy, were the preserve of the money-changers; and the standing army—the creation of the conquest-days—was their property.

The army and navy refused to serve the new Congress and the new Administration, and said ironically, “What are you going to do about it?” A difficult question to answer.alteration in the MS Landsmen manned such ships as were not abroad watching the conquests—alteration in the MS textual note and sunk them all, in honest attempts to doemendation their duty. A civilian army, officered by civilians, rose brimming with the patriotism of an old forgotten day and rushedalteration in the MS multitudinously to the front, armed with sporting-guns and pitchforks—and the standing army swept it into space. For the money-changers had privately soldalteration in the MS out to the shoemaker. He conferred titles of nobility upon the money-changers, and mounted the republic's throne without firing a shot.

It was thus that Popoatahualpacatapetl became our master; whose mastership descended in a little while to the Second of that name, who stillalteration in the MS holds it by his Viceroy this day.

Editorial Emendations Passage from “Outlines of History” (suppressed.)
  aristocracies (TS)  ●  aristocrasies
  South ●  south
  irremovable ●  irremoval
  to do ●  do
Alterations in the Manuscript Passage from “Outlines of History” (suppressed.)
 endure . . . like] interlined above canceled ‘trample upon the weak’.
 rich] interlined with a caret.
 There . . . pocket.] interlined with a caret.
 the plutocrats . . . time] originally ‘they in time came’; the ‘y’ of ‘they’ and ‘in time came’ canceled; ‘plutocrats . . . time’ interlined with a caret.
 toward] follows canceled ‘toward eventual monarchy was’.
 went down] follows canceled ‘succumbed’.
 before] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘ago’.
 a machine . . . time] interlined with a caret above a canceled ampersand.
 pensions] originally ‘pensioners’; ‘rs’ canceled and the ‘e’ mended to ‘s’.
 who . . . came] follows canceled ‘came’; ‘in their lives’ interlined with a caret.
 A . . . answer.] interlined with a caret.
 conquests—] ‘under a President coward and hypocrite and windbag and weather-cock.’ interlined with a caret above the dash then apparently canceled in pencil; the caret is canceled then rewritten in ink; the dash may or may not have been added. See textual notes.
 rushed] follows canceled ‘pr’.
 privately sold] follows canceled ‘sold’.
 still] interlined with a caret.
Textual Notes Passage from “Outlines of History” (suppressed.)
 conquests—] Followed on the manuscript by a caret, above which Mark Twain wrote in ink in the top right margin, “under a President coward & hypocrite & windbag & weather-cock.” The addition may have been written originally either as a marginal note or as a revision. The caret follows another caret which had been canceled in the ink used throughout this manuscript. The addition has been canceled in pencil; there are no other penciled revisions on the manuscript. Although the cancellation cannot be assigned to Mark Twain with certainty, the phrase has been omitted from the text because its mood is inconsistent with that of “The sleeping republic awoke at last . . . and put the government into clean hands” (395.18–20).