The Stupendous Procession | The Writings of Mark Twain (beta)

Explanatory Notes Ⓔ

Apparatus Notes Ⓐ

See the appendixes and editorial matter for this text's published volume.

Published in: Fables of Man

Composition Date: 1901

MTPDocEd

[begin page 403]

The StupendousⒶ Procession

(Early 1901)

Internal and external evidence suggests that “The Stupendous Procession” was probably written in January or February 1901, shortly after Mark Twain had, in 1900, written “A salutation-speech from the Nineteenth Century to the Twentieth.”1 It was at the beginning of 1901 that Mark Twain also wrote “To the Person Sitting in Darkness,” which he published in the February North American Review. The latter article includes two quotations also used in “The Stupendous Procession”: the casualty list at 415.18–20 and the statement about bayonetting the wounded at 415.23–25. Many of the events which figure in “The Stupendous Procession” were apparently taken from reports in the New York newspapers from mid-January 1901 to the end of that month. For example, the battle between Lieutenant Steele's men and the Filipinos was described in the New York Herald on January 25 in language almost identical to that used by Clemens. A close reading of the author's references to months, weeks, and years in his reckoning of the number of pensioners produced by the war in the Philippines also supports the deduction that he was writing at about the end of January 1901.

At the top of the first page of his typescript Mark Twain wrote in pencil: “Motto—Indemnity and ‘one-third extra—to be used in church expenses.’ As per statement of Rev. Dr. Ament, Dec. 24, 1900.”2 He was referring to [begin page 404] actions of the American Board of Foreign Missions which he had satirized in “To the Person Sitting in Darkness” and which he would attack again in “To My Missionary Critics” which was to appear in the April 1901 North American Review. In the second of these articles Mark Twain quotes a cable from Ament in China in which the words “one-third” and “church expenses” are used in the same sense as in the marginal note. Since the cable was first published on 20 February, the note cannot have been written before that date, although it seems probable that it was added not long afterward, while the information was fresh in Mark Twain's mind and before he had made full use of it in “To My Missionary Critics.”

“THE GOOD QUEEN, borne in state, mourned by the world,” mentioned in “The Stupendous Procession,” is presumably Queen Victoria, who died on 22 January 1901 and whose funeral procession took place on 4 February 1901. Clemens had witnessed the great procession of Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in London in June 1897 and had been tremendously impressed; it is likely that in writing “The Stupendous Procession,” which is in part Victoria's funeral procession, he was making a sardonic comparison of that earlier proud event and the debased condition of the world some three and one-half years later.

Editorial Notes

“New Century Greeting Which Twain Recalled,” New York Herald, 30 December 1900, Section 1, p. 7.

Mark Twain added “church expenses” to replace canceled “propagating the Gospel.”

Textual Commentary

“The Stupendous Procession” survives in manuscript and in a typescript sketchily revised by the author. Copy-text is the author's inscription in the manuscript or in the typescript when a holograph change there supersedes the manuscript reading.

The manuscript consists of torn half-sheets and is written in black ink and faded black ink; it is revised in faded black ink and pencil. When Mark Twain reached about 416.17 he refilled his pen with an ink slightly lighter than he had been using. From that point on, the ink becomes lighter with a faint brownish cast, and the faded black of the last pages is the same as that used for revision of the earlier pages. The pencil revisions on the manuscript appear to have been made later than those in faded black ink everywhere but at 408.9–14, where the faded black ink is the latest marking.

Only ten words, all italic in the manuscript, were italicized in the typescript: “their” (410.24), “there” (411.5), “now” (411.13), “Will” (411.15), “got” (411.34), “No” (411.36), “had” (415.2), and “He” (418.17) were underscored on the typewriter; “seem” (409.10) and “they” (409.23) were underscored in pencil. Since Mark Twain made no systematic effort to add italics to the typescript, and nowhere supplanted the italics of the manuscript, the manuscript markings remain authoritative.

Because the work was left unfinished, it is inconsistent in spelling, hyphenation, the placement of items on the page, and marking for such typographical devices as capitals and italics. These inconsistencies have not been emended.

[begin page 405]

The Stupendous ProcessionⒶ

AtⒶalteration in the MS the appointed hour it moved across the worldⒶalteration in the MS in the following order:

THE TWENTIETH CENTURY,Ⓐalteration in the MS

a fair young creatureⒶalteration in the MS, drunk and disorderly, borne in the arms of Satan. Banner with motto, “Get what you can, keep what you get.”

Guard of Honor—Monarchs, Presidents, Tammany Bosses,Ⓐalteration in the MS Burglars, Land-Thieves, Convicts,Ⓐalteration in the MS etc., appropriately clothed and bearing the Symbols of their several Trades.

CHRISTENDOM,Ⓐalteration in the MS

a majestic matron, in flowing robes drenched with blood. On herⒶalteration in the MS head, a goldenⒶalteration in the MS crown of thorns; impaled on its spines, the bleeding heads of patriots who died for their countries—Boers, Boxers, FilipinosⒶemendation Ⓐalteration in the MS; in one hand a slung-shot, in the other a Bible, open at the text, “Do unto others,” etc. ProtrudingⒶalteration in the MS from pocket, bottle labeled “We bring you the Blessings of Civilization.” Necklace—handcuffs and a burglar's jimmy.

[begin page 406]

Supporters. Ⓐtextual note At the one elbow Slaughter,Ⓐalteration in the MS at the other Hypocrisy. Ⓐalteration in the MS

Banner with mottoⒶalteration in the MS—“Love your Neighbor's Goods as Yourself.”

Ensign—the Black Flag.

Guard of Honor—Missionaries, andⒶalteration in the MS German, French, Russian and British soldiersⒶalteration in the MS laden with loot.Ⓐalteration in the MS

MUSIC
Of the Spheres (of Influence.)Ⓐalteration in the MS Ⓐtextual note

Groups of Christendom's Favorite Children—Ⓐalteration in the MS with their PurchasesⒶemendation Ⓐalteration in the MS Ⓐtextual note and Other Acquisitions:

ENGLAND.Ⓐalteration in the MS

Supporters,Ⓐalteration in the MS Mr. Chamberlain and Mr. Cecil Rhodes. FollowedⒶalteration in the MS by
Mutilated Figure in Chains, labeled “Transvaal Republic;” and
Mutilated Figure in Chains, labeled “Orange Free State.”
Ensign—The Black Flag; in its union, a Gold Brick.

THE GOOD QUEEN,Ⓐalteration in the MS

borne in state, mourned by the world. Embroidered on the trappings of the catafalque, “These broke Ⓐalteration in the MS her heart.”

SPAIN,

A haughty dame, crowned and sceptred.Ⓐalteration in the MS Naked and not ashamed. Attended by the Head of the Holy Office and subordinates bearing the broken and rusty torture-tools of the Inquisition. Also, Bull and Bull-Fighters.

Banner, with motto—“We have these left—life is not all dark.”

[begin page 407]

RUSSIA,

A crowned and mitred Polar Bear, Sacred and Supreme Pontiff of the Great Church, head piously a-droop, paws clasped in prayer. Followed byⒶalteration in the MS

Weary Column of Exiles—Women, Children, Students, Statesmen, Patriots, stumbling along in the snow;

Mutilated Figure in Chains, labeled “Finland.”

Floats piled with Bloated Corpses—Massacred Manchurian peasants.

Ensign—The Black Flag.

Banner, with motto—“In His Name.”

FRANCE,

In gay and scant ballet costume and worn-out liberty cap—riding on a Float. Attended by Meline, Esterhazy, the Shade of Henry, and the rest of the beloved—Ⓐalteration in the MSlaureled. Guillotine. Zola under the axe; France's eleven other patriots—gagged, and awaiting their turn.

On foot—Ⓐalteration in the MS

Mutilated Figure, labeled “Dreyfus;”

Mutilated Figure in Chains, labeled “Madagascar;”Ⓐtextual note

Mutilated Figure in Chains, labeled “Tonquin;”

Guard of Honor—Ⓐalteration in the MS Detachment of French ArmyⒶalteration in the MS, bearingⒶtextual note ChineseⒶalteration in the MS “heads” and loot.

Ensign—The Black Flag.

Banner, with motto—“France, the Light of the World.”

GERMANIA,Ⓐalteration in the MS

A HelmetedⒶalteration in the MS Figure with Mailed Fist holding Bible aloft—Ⓐalteration in the MSfollowed by Mutilated Figure in Chains, labeled “Shantung;”

[begin page 408]

Property on a Float, labeled “A Province, three tons of Gold Coin, a MonumentⒶalteration in the MS, and a Memorial Church—price of two slain missionaries.”

Guard of Honor—Column of German missionaries bearing their exacted tribute—famous, now, in the world—of “680 Chinese heads.” As per unrepudiated statement of Rev. Mr. Ament.Ⓐalteration in the MS

Ensign—the Black Flag.

Banner, with motto—“For God and Swag.”

Standing upon a Float—

AMERICA,

a nobleⒶalteration in the MS dame in Grecian costume, cryingⒶalteration in the MS. Her head bare, her wrists manacled. At her feet her Cap of LibertyⒶalteration in the MS.

Supporters. On the one hand Greed; on the other, Treason.

Followed byⒶalteration in the MS

Mutilated Figure in Chains, labeled “Filipino Independence,Ⓐemendation” and an allegorical Figure of the AdministrationⒶalteration in the MS caressing it with one hand, and stabbing it in the back with the other.

Banner, with motto—“Help us take Manila and you shall be free—in a horn.”

On a Float—

Fat Spanish Friar wrapped in the Treaty of Paris—labeled “This is Nuts for Us.” Grouped about him, 16 recent children, with wet-nurses.Ⓐalteration in the MS

Banner, inscribed—“Under the Treaty-protection we can start our population-factories again.”Ⓐalteration in the MS Ⓐtextual note

1. Banner Ⓐalteration in the MS, inscribed—“And autocratically govern the country again, in spite of the Yankees—if they let us return.”Ⓐalteration in the MS

2. Banner Ⓐalteration in the MS, inscribed—“And sell Tammany-indulgences and salvation at the old rates.”

3. Banner, inscribed—“And keep the estates we have annexed, and annex more.”

4.Ⓐalteration in the MS The Friar supports his back against a miniature mountain labeled with several placards: “Our Property, protected by Treaty: Millions to [begin page 409] lend, at good interest; fat places for 1200 monks; 403,000 acres richest land in the Archipelago; much real estate in Manila.”

5. OnⒶemendation theⒶalteration in the MS summit sits

THE AMERICAN EAGLE,

Ashamed, bedraggled, moulting; one foot chained.

Placard, hanging from his tail: “Washington revered me, the great hand of Lincoln caressedⒶalteration in the MS me: and now I am become policeman over this carrion!”Ⓐalteration in the MS Ⓐtextual note

The Immortals Ⓐalteration in the MS—12,000 Filipino recruits, labeled “Some of us may seem Ⓐalteration in the MS to die, as time drags on, but it will be an illusion—there will always be just 12,000 of us.”

Adjutant General—Ⓐalteration in the MSremarking “It was a good idea to persuade these hungry poor devils to turn traitor to their country and become American citizens—no, not quite that—American serfs,Ⓐalteration in the MS and murder their fathers and brothers and neighborsⒶalteration in the MS, and burn the humbleⒶalteration in the MS homes that sheltered them as children, and whichⒶalteration in the MS now shelter the mothers that bore them in pain and the sisters that were the pets and playmates of their youth; and there is warrant for it, for the Scripture says ‘You shall seethe the kid in its mother's milk.’ Ⓐalteration in the MS And besides, England does it in India and in China;Ⓐalteration in the MS and what Christian England does, cannot we—as usual—imitate?Ⓐalteration in the MS Moreover, we did it in the Civil War—made soldiers of the negroes—”Ⓐemendation Ⓐalteration in the MS Ⓐtextual note

A Frivolous Ⓐalteration in the MS Stranger. “But they didn'tⒶalteration in the MS fight their own race and blood, they fought onlyⒶalteration in the MS their hated white enslavers and oppressors.”

Adjutant General. Ⓐalteration in the MS “Please leave the procession—you are in the way.”

Master of Ceremonies. “And damned irrelevant, besides.”

6. Body of American Volunteers Ⓐalteration in the MS—threeⒶalteration in the MS hundred in number, the patriotic productⒶalteration in the MS of a week'sⒶalteration in the MS arduous recruitingⒶalteration in the MS among 75,000,000 of patriotic Americans who ardently approve of the Government's desire to confer Our Civilization upon the Filipinos with the bayonet.

7. Roll call:Ⓐalteration in the MS the Three Hundred answer, “O'Shaunessy; Joblokoff; Allessandro; Villeneuve; Sancho Panza; Bjjwskp; Tcherniejoosky; Mahomet Osmanlie; Jokai Borowackovitch; Denis O'Hooligan; Dun- [begin page 410] can MacGregor; Arthur Wellesley Wellington; Kanaka Okahana; Otto AllerheiligenpotstausenddonnerwetterⒶalteration in the MS,” etc.

Adjutant General—Ⓐalteration in the MSto the Three Hundred. “Stop reeling, will you! Straighten up and let out some enthusiasmⒶalteration in the MS for the Cause. Sing, you sons of . . . . . America!”

The Three Hundred American Volunteers—singing, in 298 languages: “We are coming, Father Corbin, a scantⒶalteration in the MS three hundred more!”

The Frivolous Ⓐalteration in the MS Stranger—privately. “Thank God, there isn't an American in the lot.”Ⓐemendation Ⓐtextual note Ⓐalteration in the MS

Another Stranger—jubilantly singing:

“Up in the fields where the daisies bloom,
Down in the city's dingiest room,
Out on the plains, or in the hills,
Deep in the mines, or in the mills,
From everywhere they're rising, then,
Ten thousand regiments of men—
And every man is ready!”

Adjutant General, suspiciously: “Look here, young man, who are you?”

The Stranger. “A humble poet, sir—W. J. Lampton by name.”

“Are you singing about my enlistments?”

“Oh, bless you, no! I was thinking of Cuba—thinking of howⒶalteration in the MS the boys came with a rush when there was a chance to set an oppressed little nation free. A body could pronounce their names without warping his jaw—oh, yes!”

“Get out of the procession! Stop—what have you been figuring at, there?”

“Only ciphering up how long it will take.”

“Take to what?”

“Raise the army to the 104,000 officers and foreignersⒶalteration in the MS allowed by the Military Bill. It promises to be a longⒶalteration in the MS and giddy entertainment, sir.”

“What do you mean by that?”

“Well, it is like this, sir. Although you have judiciously so modified the standard as to admit cripples, consumptives and dwarfs, it is still [begin page 411] going to be long, I think. Consider, sir:Ⓐalteration in the MS 70,000 men now in the Philippines—mainly in the hospitals on account of the climate; 50,000 of them finish their time the 1st of July and come home in the invalid fleet, leaving 20,000 behind in the cemetery or the hospital, or around somewhere—anyway they are there, and each one and his relations due to pull 43 pensions for four centuries—do you follow me, sir?”

“I am preparing to follow you—and with violence. Continue—and cut it short.”

“I hear and obey. From now till July, 22 weeks. At 300 recruits a week, it figures up 6,600. We shall then begin to run a little short of standard cripples, consumptives and dwarfs of foreign origin—unless we import. That will be cruelly expensive.Ⓐalteration in the MS We can't get any to enlist but paupers—can't now, I reckon—and the duty on them at Castle Garden is $50 a head.”

“Will you hurry?”

“I hear and obey. From July till next January we can squeeze out 800 a month, I reckon—4,800 for the 6 months. Next 12 monthsⒶalteration in the MS, 400 a month—call it 5000Ⓐalteration in the MS in round numbers. End of 1902.Ⓐalteration in the MS For 1903, say 2,500; for 1904, say 1200.Ⓐalteration in the MS Thereafter, say 600 a year, right along—for if they won't enlist, we can tell them it is a pleasure excursion, and they won't know any better, as they won't understand our tongue if we catch them while they are fresh.”

“Is the procession to wait all day? Hurry!”

“I hear and obey. Recapitulation: 6,600 and 4,800 for this year—11,400; 5,000 for 1902; 2,500 for 1903; 1200 for 1904; for 1905, say 600—and thereafter. Total to end of 1905, say 21,000Ⓐtextual note, without counting the dead—for most of those poor old things will die, of course. What we shall then need, to chock up the army full, will be, let us say, somewhere about 80,000 men, for naturally the 20,000 we left in the Archipelago will all be in the cemetery and collecting their pensions long before that day. At 600 a year—no, say 500, for those foreign tramps are bound to grow steadily scarcer unless we import—we shall get the army full-upⒶalteration in the MS in a little over 40 years, almost sure, which brings us to A. D. 1946, let us say . . . . . oh, blazes, we've got to import! Don't you see it yourself?”

“No, sir! We can put on the draft.”Ⓐalteration in the MS Ⓐtextual note

[begin page 412]

“What—on Americans? To go—now that they have found out the Government's game—andⒶalteration in the MS grab a weak little people's country and give it our liberties for theirs, without their asking,Ⓐalteration in the MS—just as we should like Germany to do by us, perhaps? You don't know your countrymen,Ⓐalteration in the MS dear sir, I assure you youⒶemendation don't. TheyⒶalteration in the MS wouldn't stand it a minute.Ⓐalteration in the MS There would be a riot—a riot like Waterloo! Why, dear sir—”

Master of Ceremonies. “There—that is sufficient, sir.”Ⓐalteration in the MS Ⓐalteration in the MS Ⓐtextual note

A Float—piled high with barrels. Label: “Report of PhilippineⒶemendation Commission. The value of the Archipelago is daily more and more apparent. In one yearⒶalteration in the MS the war has cost but $200,000,000. To offset this, we have imports from America, this year,Ⓐalteration in the MS amounting to $1,Ⓐalteration in the MS200,000, one-third of it whisky for the army; in time, as the natives graduallyⒶalteration in the MS relinquish their habits of sobriety, we are confident that this detail of the imports will vastly increase.”

A Large Float. Upon it a house of a peculiar sort, with the American flag floating over it and running some risk of “pollution.”Ⓐalteration in the MS

A Figure—representing Lieutenant BrewerⒶalteration in the MS buried alive by the Ladrones.

Spectre of Jefferson Davis. “The North said that as I manufactured the Civil WarⒶalteration in the MS, I was personally responsible for every manⒶalteration in the MS that was killed in it. Then who is responsible for this awful Brewer tragedy? The Administration?”

The Frivolous Ⓐalteration in the MS Stranger,—trying to be sarcastic. “Oh, no, the LadronesⒶemendation, of course!”

The Spectre. “Excuse me—they had nothing to do with starting the war; they, nor any one else except the Administration. If it was logic to accuse me as I was accused, the same logic is good now, and Brewer was slain by the Administration.”Ⓐalteration in the MS

Band of Filipino Ⓐalteration in the MS Prisoners—for deportation to Guam. Labeled, “Governor General's Report:Ⓐalteration in the MS The native has no fear of death when fighting for his country's independence—he despises bullets, the bayonet and starvation. It is found that separation from the land of his birth, which he adores, is the only thing he dreads. It unmans him, it breaks his heart, he pines under it and dies. We have adopted deportation.”Ⓐalteration in the MS

Head of the Spanish Ⓐalteration in the MS Inquisition,—with envy. “We thought we were [begin page 413] past-masters in inventing human miseries—these American Christians can teach us our trade.”

THE CONSTITUTION, a giant figure, clothed in a ragged blanket fullⒶalteration in the MS of holes, marked “Declaration of Independence,” a caved-in cap of liberty on its head, its shirt-tail hanging out, labeled “Fourteenth Amendment.”

CONGRESSⒶalteration in the MS follows after, pelting it with mud.

THE GETTYSBURG SPEECH—a nobleⒶalteration in the MS figure, and mournful. Broken sentences, embroidered upon its robe, are vaguely legible: “Our fathers brought forth a new nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. . . . .Ⓐalteration in the MS Now we are . . . . .Ⓐalteration in the MS testing whether this nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure.”Ⓐalteration in the MS

SULTAN OF SULU, wrapped in the Star Spangled Banner. Attended by 2000 slaves and 800 concubines—being his property and the property of the United States. The Sultan lights his pipe with a copy of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Band of Filipinos Ⓐemendation, markedⒶalteration in the MS “Rebels.”

Shade of Washington. “Why that name?”

The Frivolous Stranger. “Because they resisted an authority to which they had not promised allegiance.”

“Is it not a new meaning to an old word?”

“August shade, it is.”Ⓐalteration in the MS

Band of Filipinos Ⓐemendation—marked “Unclassifiable.”

Band of Porto Ricans Ⓐalteration in the MS—marked “Subjects.”Ⓐalteration in the MS

Shade of Washington. To the Frivolous StrangerⒶalteration in the MS. “Why are those brown people marked ‘Unclassifiable?’ ”Ⓐalteration in the MS

The Stranger. “They do notⒶalteration in the MS resist our Government, therefore they are not rebels; they do not acknowledge the authority of our Government, therefore in a sense they are not subjects; they are not saleable, therefore in a sense they are not slaves; they are a part of the population of the United States, but they are not citizens; they belong to America, but are not Americans. Politically they are mongrels—the only ones on the planet, Sir.”

Shade of Washington. “And those others?”

The Frivolous Ⓐalteration in the MS Stranger. “The Porto Ricans, Sir? They are a part of [begin page 414] our population, their country is a part of America, but they are not citizens, not Americans, not rebels, not slaves. They willingly acknowledge our authority, hence they are subjects.”

Shade of Washington—not pleased. “A degrading term, and apes monarchy.”

CUBA,Ⓐalteration in the MS

a stately dark maiden, with the light of an unhoped-for freedom glowing in her uplifted face. Necklace of broken chains worn as jewels. Motto—“Forever free, by the pledge of Congress.”

Supporters—a Congressman at each elbow, the one carrying a set of new handcuffs, the other a set of new leg-irons.

A Pulpit, mounted upon a Float. In it, two Preachers, the one bitterly protesting against the Philippine business,Ⓐalteration in the MS the other discreetlyⒶalteration in the MS Ⓐtextual note silent. Each carries a banner.Ⓐalteration in the MS

1. Banner Ⓐalteration in the MS with motto—“Strike for the right—the earned obloquy is praise.”

2.Ⓐalteration in the MS Banner, with motto—“When your country's honor is breached, think of your bread and butter before you speak.”Ⓐalteration in the MS

PATRIOTISM.

On a float, two majesticⒶalteration in the MS female figures struggling over the Star Spangled Banner; the one is trying to pour a pail of Administration sewage upon it, the other is trying to prevent it.

Banner, with motto—“It is a free country, take your choice.”

PARIS COMMISSION

Grouped upon a Float, with SpainⒶalteration in the MS and a pair ofⒶalteration in the MS Spectres representing “Spanish Sovereignty and Ownership of the Philippines.” Market value of the Spectres, ten farthings each; price paid, Twenty Million Dollars for the lot.Ⓐalteration in the MS

[begin page 415]

Placard, inscribed—Ⓐalteration in the MS“We couldn't buy them of the real owners, who wouldn't sell; we had Ⓐalteration in the MS to buy them of somebody, to try to cover up the obtrusiveⒶalteration in the MS fact that the Administration's seizure of them was theft. Let Europe sneer at the juvenility of the trick if she likes, it is nothing to us; it is not Europe that we are hired to deceive.”

Banner, with motto—“It buys us a back seat in the Family of Nations, anyway, and Poor Relation is better than nothing.”

Procession of Floats. UponⒶalteration in the MS them areⒶalteration in the MS piled 6,000 sick, wounded, and dead American soldiers. The flag at half-mast above them.

Banner, inscribed—Ⓐalteration in the MS“We honestly believed it a patriot's duty to follow his flag, even when its mission was to seizeⒶemendation by force a feeble people's country and rob it of its independence. Perhaps it might have been a better quality of patriotism to use our strength in keeping our flag at home—and clean.”

Float—with group upon it representing a victoriousⒶalteration in the MS battle, and our methods. Soldiers armed with guns and bayonets, naked FilipinosⒶalteration in the MS armed with bolos and brickbats.

Placard—bearingⒶalteration in the MS the Commanding General's report: “Our losses for ten months, 268 killed, 750 wounded; Filipino losses, three thousand two hundred and twenty-seven killed, and 694Ⓐalteration in the MS wounded.”Ⓐalteration in the MS

Star Spangled Ⓐalteration in the MS Banner, with motto—“Massacre pacifies quickest.”

Float Ⓐalteration in the MS, with another victorious group upon it. Waving over it—Ⓐalteration in the MS

Star Spangled Ⓐalteration in the MS Banner, inscribed with extract from letter of an Iowa soldier-lad to his mother:—“We never left one alive. If one was wounded we would run our bayonets through him.”Ⓐalteration in the MS

Banner, inscribed—“The White Man's Burden has been sung. Who will sing the Brown Man's?”Ⓐemendation Ⓐtextual note Ⓐalteration in the MS

Float, with still another victorious group performing upon it.

Star-Spangled Banner,Ⓐalteration in the MS inscribed: “January 9 Lieut. Steele, with ten men and sevenⒶalteration in the MS native soldiers fought fierce engagement with large force of Filipinos, more than one hundred of whom were killed. Our loss, private Edward McGugie Ⓐalteration in the MS Ⓐtextual note killed.”Ⓐalteration in the MS Ⓐemendation Ⓐtextual note

Star-Spangled Ⓐalteration in the MS Banner, inscribed—“Filipinos wounded, o.”

Star-Spangled Banner, inscribed—“A Christian Government's highest duty is to persuadeⒶalteration in the MS these ignorant brown creatures to massacre their friends and neighbors—and call it ‘patriotism.’ ”Ⓐalteration in the MS

[begin page 416]

TAMMANY HALL

DisposedⒶtextual note in groups upon floats.

1st Group. Mr. Croker with his arms in the city treasury up to the elbows.

2d Group. Tammany agent collecting blackmail from public officials and from a multitude of incorporated companies.

3d Group. Chief of police organizing riot to influence election.

4th Group. Policeman insulting a clergyman.Ⓐalteration in the MS

5th Group. Cabman swindling a fare; policeman standing by, not interested.

6th Group. Stranger trying to find his way in the only world-metropolis on the planet where street-designations do not exist.

7th Group. Cable-car with 1800Ⓐalteration in the MS people mashed into a solidified mass in it—and all handsⒶalteration in the MS submitting to it without complaintⒶalteration in the MS. Banner,Ⓐalteration in the MS inscribed—“When smitten on the one cheek, give thanks and turn the other.”Ⓐalteration in the MS

8th Group. Ⓐtextual note Parlor car in winter; temperature 280 in the shade. No one complaining. Thirsty cat lapping up the perspiration. Roasting passengerⒶemendation Ⓐalteration in the MS, muttering piouslyⒶalteration in the MS—“The best way of employing this life is in fortifyingⒶalteration in the MS for the next.” Banner, inscribed with a now famous utterance—“Damn the public.”Ⓐalteration in the MS

9th Ⓐemendation Group. Hospital attendants breaking the ribs and legs of insane patients.Ⓐalteration in the MS

10th Ⓐemendation Group. Ⓐalteration in the MS Tammany agent collecting blackmail from gambling hells.Ⓐalteration in the MS Ⓐemendation Ⓐtextual note

11th Ⓐemendation Group. Tammany agent collecting blackmail from prostitutes.

12th Ⓐemendation Group. Tammany-licensed children of 5 to 8 years old soliciting in the streets for prostitutes.

13th Ⓐemendation Group. Tammany-protected prostitutes gathered on stoops, summer evenings, soliciting, chattering obscenities, and shouting indecent remarks at honest women and their husbands, passing by. Policeman listening, undisturbed.

14th Ⓐemendation Group. Scene in a tenement house owned by a Tammany leader,Ⓐalteration in the MS in the Red Light District. Not describable in print.Ⓐalteration in the MS

[begin page 417]

15th Ⓐemendation Group. Youths and young men employed by Tammany people to recruit for their brothels; $25 apiece for each girl seduced—if a city girl; $50Ⓐalteration in the MS if a country girl, hunted down and brought from the innocent farming regions of New England.

16th Ⓐemendation Group. Kidnapped country girl—naked—her clothes carried off—screaming for help at a window of a Tammany brothel. Tammany policeman listening, but not hearing.

17th Ⓐemendation Ⓐtextual note Group. A dispensary under Tammany authority—and profit. Company of children, both sexes, 9 to 13 years of age, undergoing treatment Ⓐalteration in the MS by the physicians for unnameable Ⓐalteration in the MS diseases.

Banner, with Tammany's famous sarcasticⒶalteration in the MS motto—“What're you going to do about it?”

PHILIPPINE COMMISSION

Grouped upon a Float.

Banner inscribed

“INⒶemendation OURⒶalteration in the MS OPINION THE FILIPINOS ARE INCAPABLE OF SELF-GOVERNMENT.”

The Frivolous Ⓐalteration in the MS Stranger. “What a hell of a sarcasm!”

Master of the Ⓐalteration in the MS Ceremonies. Ⓐalteration in the MS “I told you to leave the ranks; you are getting irrelevant again.”

THE AMERICAN FLAG

Waving from a Float piled high with property—Ⓐalteration in the MSthe whole marked Boodle. To wit:

1200 Islands—when we get them.

Filipino Independence.

Crowd of deported patriots—called “rebels.”

Crowd of slaughtered patriots—called “rebels.”

Filipino Republic—annihilated.

A Crowned Sultan—in business with the United States and officially-recognized Member of the Firm.

2,000 slaves—joint property of the Firm.

[begin page 418]

800 concubines—joint property of the Firm.Ⓐalteration in the MS

Motto on the Flag—“To what base uses have I come at last. But am I polluted? Ⓐemendation”Ⓐtextual note Ⓐalteration in the MS

THE PIRATE FLAG.

InscribedⒶemendation, “Oh, you will get used to it, Brother. I had sentimental scruples at first, myself.”Ⓐtextual note

Banners—scattered at intervals down the long procession, and glinting distantly in the sunlight; some of them bearing inscriptions of this sort:

“All white men are born free and equal.” Declaration of Independence. Ⓐalteration in the MS

“All white men are and of right ought to be free and independent.” Ibid. Ⓐalteration in the MS

14th Amendment: “White slavery shall no longer exist where the American flag floats.”

“Christ died to make men holy, He died to make white men free.”
(Battle Hymn of the Republic. “He” is Abraham Lincoln.)

“Governments derive their just powers from the consent of the governed white men.” Declaration of Independence. Ⓐalteration in the MS

STATUE OF LIBERTY

Enlightening the WorldⒶalteration in the MS. Torch extinguishedⒶemendation and reversed.Ⓐalteration in the MS Followed by

THE AMERICAN FLAG,

furled, and draped with crêpe.Ⓐalteration in the MS

[begin page 419]

SHADE OF LINCOLN,

towering vast and dim toward the sky, brooding with painedⒶemendation Ⓐalteration in the MS aspect over the far-reaching pageant.Ⓐalteration in the MS Ⓐtextual note

Editorial Emendations The Stupendous Procession

Ⓐ Filipinos ● Filippinos

Ⓐ Purchases (MS) ● “purchases”

Ⓐ Independence, (TS) ● Independence.

Ⓐ ¶ 5. On ● 5. ¶ On

Ⓐ negroes—” ● negroes—”4

Ⓐ lot.” ● lot,”

Ⓐ you you (TS) ● you

Ⓐ Philippine ● Phillipine

Ⓐ Ladrones ● ladrones

Ⓐ Filipinos ● Philippinos

Ⓐ Filipinos ● Phillipinos

Ⓐ seize ● sieze

Ⓐ Man's?” ● Man's?”9

Ⓐ killed.” ● killed.”10

Ⓐ passenger (TS) ● Passenger

Ⓐ 9th ● 10th

Ⓐ 10th ● 11th

Ⓐ hells. ● hells.11

Ⓐ 11th ● 12th

Ⓐ 12th ● 13th

Ⓐ 13th ● 14th

Ⓐ 14th ● 15th

Ⓐ 15th ● 16th

Ⓐ 16th ● 17th

Ⓐ 17th ● 18th

Ⓐ “IN (TS) ● IN

Ⓐ But am I polluted? ● But am I polluted?

Ⓐ centered THE PIRATE FLAG. flush with left margin Inscribed ● ¶ THE PIRATE FLAG. Inscribed

Ⓐ extinguished ● extinguished.

Ⓐ pained ● indignant/pained

Alterations in the Manuscript The Stupendous Procession

Ⓐ At] follows paragraph canceled in faded black ink ‘The arrangements being now complete, it will move’; the ‘A’ mended from ‘a’.

Ⓐ it . . . world] interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ THE TWENTIETH CENTURY,] originally the heading ‘1st Section.’ followed by a line beginning ‘The Nineteenth Century, a fair young’; ‘First’ interlined above canceled ‘1st’, ‘Twentieth’ interlined above canceled ‘Nineteenth’, and ‘Twentieth Century’ italicized, all in black ink. ‘Division.’ interlined above canceled ‘Section.’, ‘First Division’ italicized, ‘The Twentieth Century’ changed to full capitals, and ‘First Division.’ and ‘THE TWENTIETH CENTURY,’ canceled; finally, ‘THE TWENTIETH CENTURY,’ interlined as a heading, all in faded black ink.

Ⓐ creature] follows canceled ‘maiden’.

Ⓐ Tammany Bosses,] interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Convicts,] interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ CHRISTENDOM,] added in faded black ink above canceled heading ‘Second Section’ and canceled paragraph ‘Christendom,’.

Ⓐ On her] followed by ‘breast the crucified Christ reversed; on her’ canceled in faded black ink.

Ⓐ golden] interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ Filipinos] the ‘F’ interlined in pencil above canceled ‘Ph’.

Ⓐ Protruding] follows canceled ‘Necklace’.

Ⓐ Slaughter,] interlined above ‘Humbug,’; ‘Humbug,’ canceled and a caret added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Hypocrisy.] followed by ‘The one singing “The White Man's Burden,” the other “The Missionary Hymn.” ’ canceled on the TS.

Ⓐ with motto] originally ‘with motto’; the italics canceled.

Ⓐ Missionaries, and] interlined with a caret on the TS.

Ⓐ soldiers] followed by a canceled ampersand interlined with a caret on the TS.

Ⓐ with loot.] followed by paragraph ‘Poet Laureate, attended—Kipling.’ canceled in faded black ink.

Ⓐ MUSIC . . . Influence.)] added in faded black ink above canceled heading ‘Third Section.’

Ⓐ Children—] the dash written over a colon.

Ⓐ Purchases] ‘purchases’ in the TS; altered to ‘ “purchases” ’ by Mark Twain; the MS reading has been restored. See textual notes.

Ⓐ ENGLAND.] originally began the paragraph; marked as a heading in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Supporters,] originally ‘Supporters,’ run on; the italics added in pencil; marked to begin a new paragraph with a paragraph sign.

Ⓐ Rhodes. Followed] originally ‘Rhodes, followed’; the period written over the wiped-out comma and the ‘F’ mended from ‘f’ all in faded black ink.

Ⓐ THE GOOD QUEEN,] originally began the paragraph; marked as a heading in faded black ink.

Ⓐ broke] follows ‘shames’ interlined with a caret in black ink, then canceled in faded black ink.

Ⓐ A haughty . . . sceptred.] interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ RUSSIA, . . . Followed by] ‘RUSSIA,’ marked as a heading, and ‘A crowned Polar Bear, head piously a-droop, paws clasped in prayer. Followed by’ added in faded black ink on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over; the addition replaces the heading ‘RUSSIA.’ and paragraph ‘Followed by’ canceled in faded black ink on the recto. On the TS, ‘and mitred’ and ‘Sacred and Supreme Pontiff of the Great Church,” interlined with carets.

Ⓐ FRANCE, . . . On foot—] added in faded black ink on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over; the addition replaces the heading ‘FRANCE.’ and paragraph ‘Followed by’ canceled in faded black ink on the recto; ‘worn-out’ interlined with a caret above canceled ‘battered’; ‘—gagged’ follows a canceled caret.

Ⓐ beloved—] interlined above ‘gang—’ on the MS; typed as ‘rest of the beloved-gang—laureled’; ‘-gang’ canceled on the TS.

Ⓐ Guard of Honor—] interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Detachment . . . Army] originally in italics; the italics canceled in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Chinese] interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ GERMANIA,] ‘GERMANNIA,’ interlined to replace canceled ‘GERMANY.’ in faded black ink; the second ‘N’ canceled on the TS.

Ⓐ A Helmeted] ‘A’ added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Mailed . . . aloft—] originally ‘mailed Fist,’; the ‘M’ mended from ‘m’; the comma canceled and ‘holding . . . aloft’ interlined with a caret, both in faded black ink.

Ⓐ a Monument] originally ‘and Monument’; a caret added following ‘and’; then ‘and’ and the caret canceled and ‘a’ squeezed in, all in faded black ink.

Ⓐ As per . . . Mr. Ament.] added on the TS; ‘unrepudiated’ interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ Standing . . . Followed by] added in faded black ink on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over to replace heading ‘AMERICA.’ and paragraph ‘Supporters —Greed and Falsehood. Followed by’ canceled on the recto; ‘Treason’, written in pencil in the margin above ‘Falsehood’, also canceled in faded black ink.

Ⓐ a noble] ‘a’ interlined with a caret above canceled ‘A’.

Ⓐ crying] follows canceled ‘her’.

Ⓐ Cap of Liberty] originally ‘cap of liberty’; the ‘C’ and ‘L’ mended from ‘c’ and ‘l’.

Ⓐ Independence . . . Administration] originally ‘Independence.” The Administration’; ‘An allegorical Figure of’ interlined with a caret and the ‘T’ of ‘The’ mended to ‘t’ in faded black ink; an ampersand added to the interlineation and the ‘A’ of ‘An’ mended to ‘a’ in pencil; the period following ‘Independence’ inadvertently left standing.

Ⓐ Fat Spanish . . . over this carrion!”] written in faded black ink on two inserted MS pages.

Ⓐ wet-nurses.] followed by a canceled superscript ‘1’ in the MS.

Ⓐ again.”] followed by superscript ‘1’ in the MS; ‘1’ typed on the line in the TS and then canceled in pencil. See textual note at 408.24 .

Ⓐ 1. Banner] the ‘1.’ added on the TS.

Ⓐ return.”] followed by superscript ‘2’ in the MS; ‘2’ typed on the line in the TS and then canceled in pencil. See textual note at 408.24 .

Ⓐ 2. Banner] the ‘2.’ added on the TS.

Ⓐ 3. . . . 4.] ‘3.’ and ‘4.’ added on the TS.

Ⓐ Manila.” 5. On the] originally ‘Manila.” ’ followed by superscript ‘3’ and ‘On the’ run on; ‘3’ typed on the line in the TS and then canceled in pencil; ‘5.’ added, followed by a paragraph sign interlined with a caret. See emendation at 409.3 and textual note at 408.24 .

Ⓐ caressed] originally ‘has caressed’; ‘has’ canceled on the TS.

Ⓐ The Immortals] follows paragraph ‘Fat Spanish Friar wrapped in the Treaty of Paris—labeled “This is Nuts for Us.” ’ canceled in faded black ink.

Ⓐ seem] the italics added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Adjutant General—] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘Secretary of War,—’ all in faded black ink.

Ⓐ serfs,] originally ‘patriots’; the ‘s’ canceled and ‘-serfs,’ interlined with a caret in the MS; ‘patriot-serfs,’ canceled in the TS; ‘subjects,’ added, then canceled, and ‘serfs,’ interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ brothers and neighbors] originally ‘brothers, and neighbors’; the comma canceled and ‘old’ interlined with a caret following ‘and’; ‘old’ canceled. The caret canceled in faded black ink.

Ⓐ humble] interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ which] interlined with a caret in faded black ink above canceled ‘that’.

Ⓐ ‘You . . . milk.’] the italics added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ China;] the semicolon squeezed in before a canceled dash in faded black ink.

Ⓐ —as usual—imitate?] interlined with a caret in faded black ink above canceled ‘do?’.

Ⓐ negroes—”] followed by superscript ‘4’ on the MS; ‘4’ typed on the line in the TS and inadvertently left standing. See textual note at 408.24 .

Ⓐ Frivolous] interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ didn't] originally ‘did not’; ‘not’ canceled and ‘n't’ interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ only] interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ Adjutant General.] interlined in pencil above ‘Secretary of War.’ canceled in faded black ink.

Ⓐ 6. Body . . . Volunteers] ‘Volunteers’ followed by superscript ‘5’ in the MS; ‘5’ typed on the line in the TS and then canceled in pencil; ‘6.’ added in pencil on the TS preceding ‘Body’. See textual note at 408.24 .

Ⓐ three] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘twelve’.

Ⓐ patriotic product] originally ‘products’; the ‘s’ of ‘products’ canceled and ‘patriotic’ interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ a week's] interlined with a caret in faded black ink above canceled ‘8 days'’.

Ⓐ recruiting] follows canceled ‘recruiting in 600 recruiting stations’.

Ⓐ 7. Roll call:] ‘Roll call:’ originally run on following ‘bayonet.’ and followed by superscript ‘6’ interlined with a caret; ‘6’ typed on the line in the TS and then canceled in pencil; a paragraph sign and ‘7.’ interlined with a caret preceding ‘Roll’. See textual note at 408.24 .

Ⓐ Allerheiligenpotstausenddonnerwetter] originally ‘Alleheiligekaiserpotstausenddonnerwetter’; the ‘ts’ of ‘pots’ written over two wiped-out unrecovered letters on the MS. On the TS, ‘kaiser’ canceled and ‘r’ and ‘n’ interlined with carets in pencil following ‘Alle’ and ‘heilige’.

Ⓐ Adjutant General—] interlined in faded black ink above canceled ‘Secretary of War—’.

Ⓐ enthusiasm] follows canceled ‘of’.

Ⓐ a scant] interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ Frivolous] interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ “Thank . . . lot.”] originally ‘Thank . . . lot,’; the quotation marks added in pencil; the comma after ‘lot’ inadvertently left standing.

Ⓐ Another . . . sufficient, sir.”] written in faded black ink on five inserted MS pages, the last portion of which was canceled on the TS. See revision at 412.7.

Ⓐ thinking of how] ‘of’ interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ and foreigners] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘and men’.

Ⓐ long] follows canceled ‘tough job’.

Ⓐ sir:] originally ‘sir—’; the dash canceled and the colon added.

Ⓐ That . . . expensive.] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘But we can't do that, sir.’

Ⓐ 12 months] the ‘12’ interlined with a caret above canceled ‘6’.

Ⓐ 5000] originally ‘2,500’; ‘2,’ canceled and the third zero added.

Ⓐ End of 1902.] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘Next 12 months, 50 a’; the ‘12’ interlined with a caret above canceled ‘6’.

Ⓐ For 1903 . . . 1200.] interlined with a caret; the caret in pencil.

Ⓐ full-up] the hyphen interlined with a caret on the TS.

Ⓐ draft.”] added in pencil.

Ⓐ —now . . . game—and] interlined with a caret following a canceled ampersand.

Ⓐ asking,] followed by canceled ‘now that they have found out the Government's game’ interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ your countrymen,] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘them,’.

Ⓐ They] the ‘y’ written over wiped-out ‘re’.

Ⓐ a minute.] follows a canceled dash.

Ⓐ sufficient, sir.”] originally followed by ‘(To West Point Cadet: “Take this person and exercise him. When finished, report here with the remains.” ’; the parenthesis canceled on the MS; ‘To West . . . remains.” ’ canceled on the TS.

Ⓐ one year] originally ‘ten months’; ‘two years’ interlined with a caret in faded black ink above canceled ‘ten months’; then ‘two’ canceled, ‘one’ interlined above and the ‘s’ of ‘years’ canceled, all in pencil.

Ⓐ America, this year,] ‘this year,’ interlined with a caret and the comma following ‘America’ added, both in faded black ink.

Ⓐ $1,] originally ‘$7,’; ‘6’ written over ‘7’, then canceled and ‘1’ interlined, all in pencil.

Ⓐ gradually] interlined with a caret in pencil.

Ⓐ A Large . . . “pollution.”] ‘A Large . . . “pollution.” ’, followed by superscript ‘7’, added in faded black ink on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over; ‘7’ typed on the line in the TS and canceled in pencil. See textual note at 408.24 .

Ⓐ Brewer] the ‘rewer’ of ‘Brewer’ written over wiped-out ‘rewer’.

Ⓐ Civil War] originally ‘war’; ‘Civil’ interlined in pencil; a caret below ‘Civil’ added and the ‘W’ of ‘War’ mended from ‘w’ in faded black ink.

Ⓐ man] follows canceled ‘life’.

Ⓐ Frivolous] interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ “Excuse . . . Administration.”] the quotation marks added in pencil on the TS.

Ⓐ Filipino] the ‘F’ of ‘Filipino’ written over a ‘P’.

Ⓐ Report:] the colon mended from a period on the TS.

Ⓐ We have . . . deportation.”] the italics added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Spanish] interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ full] follows a canceled comma; the ‘f’ of ‘full’ written over an unrecovered letter.

Ⓐ CONGRESS] ‘Congress’ originally run on after ‘Amendment.” ’; altered to full capitals and marked to begin a new paragraph with a paragraph sign in pencil.

Ⓐ noble] carelessly written without an ‘l’ on the MS and typed ‘robe’; ‘robe’ canceled and ‘noble’ interlined with a caret on the TS.

Ⓐ equal. . . . .] originally ‘equal.” . . . .’; the quotation marks canceled on the TS.

Ⓐ Now we are . . . . .] follows canceled ‘We here highly resolve . . . . th’; an ellipsis interlined with a caret then canceled preceding ‘Now’; the ellipsis following ‘are’ interlined with a caret above canceled ‘engaged in a great civil war,’.

Ⓐ endure.”] originally ‘endure.” ’; the quotation marks canceled and ‘. . . . . We here highly resolve that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom.” ’ added, both in black ink; then ‘. . . . . We here . . . freedom.” ’ canceled and the quotation marks following ‘endure’ restored, both in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Filipinos, marked] originally ‘Philippinoes’; the ‘s’ wiped out, the ‘e’ canceled with a dash and ‘s’ written over the dash before ‘marked’ was written; typed ‘Philippino-marked’; the hyphen canceled and ‘s,’ interlined with a caret following ‘Philippino’. See emendations.

Ⓐ “Rebels.” . . . it is.”] originally ‘ “Rebels” because they resisted an authority to which they had not sworn allegiance.’; the period added after ‘Rebels’, ‘because . . . allegiance.’ canceled and ‘Shade . . . allegiance.’ added on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over, all in faded black ink; ‘pro’ of ‘promised’ written over wiped-out ‘swo’; following ‘allegiance’ on verso, the instruction to turn over canceled in pencil and ‘ “Is it not . . . it is.” ’ added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Band of Porto Ricans] the italics added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ “Subjects.”] follows canceled ‘ “Unclassifiable.” ’

Ⓐ the Frivolous Stranger] originally ‘that Stranger’ preceded by an unrecovered canceled word; a caret added preceding ‘that’, the caret and ‘that’ canceled, ‘the Frivolous’ interlined with a caret, and the italics canceled, all in black ink.

Ⓐ ‘Unclassifiable?’ ”] the first single quotation mark mended from a double quotation mark and the last interlined with a caret, both in pencil.

Ⓐ “They do not] follows ‘ “Because they have sworn allegiance to the United States,’ canceled both in black and in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Frivolous] interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ CUBA,] originally began the subsequent paragraph; canceled and rewritten as a heading in faded black ink.

Ⓐ business,] originally ‘busy,’; the ‘y’ and the comma canceled and ‘iness,’ added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ discreetly] ‘sorrowfully’ interlined in pencil above ‘discreetly’ on the TS, then wiped out. See textual notes.

Ⓐ Each . . . banner.] added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ 1. Banner] ‘Ban’ written over wiped-out ‘Mott’; ‘1.’ added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ 2.] added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ speak.”] originally ‘speak.” ’; the quotation marks canceled and ‘Don't think, at all.” ’ added in faded black ink; then ‘Don't . . . all.” ’ canceled and quotation marks following ‘speak.’ restored in pencil.

Ⓐ majestic] interlined above canceled ‘great’ on the TS.

Ⓐ with Spain] follows canceled ‘buying air castles from Spain for Twenty Million Dollars.’; within the cancellation ‘Spain’ followed by a canceled period.

Ⓐ a pair of] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘two’.

Ⓐ lot.] follows ‘jo’ interlined with a caret, then canceled, in faded black ink.

Ⓐ inscribed—] interlined in pencil above canceled ‘with motto—’.

Ⓐ had] the italics added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ obtrusive] interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Upon] follows canceled dash; the ‘U’ of ‘Upon’ mended from ‘u’ in faded black ink.

Ⓐ them are] follows canceled ‘them 10 ships bringing’; the ‘10’ written over ‘16’.

Ⓐ inscribed—] interlined with a caret in pencil above canceled ‘with motto—’.

Ⓐ victorious] interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ Filipinos] the ‘F’ written over a ‘P’.

Ⓐ bearing] interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ three . . . 694] added in faded black ink in a space originally left blank.

Ⓐ wounded.”] followed by superscript ‘8’ written and canceled in faded black ink. See revision at 415.24.

Ⓐ Star Spangled] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘Black’.

Ⓐ Float] originally followed paragraph ‘General's Pennon, with motto—“Educated at West Point.” ’; ‘ “Educated at’ canceled and ‘ “Graduated from the Hazing Department of’ interlined with a caret in faded black ink; ‘General's . . . Point” ’ canceled on the TS.

Ⓐ Waving over it—] added in faded black ink.

Ⓐ Star Spangled] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘Black’.

Ⓐ mother . . . him.”] originally ‘mother—’ followed by a blank line; the colon added and ‘ “We never . . . him.” ’ followed by superscript ‘8’ squeezed in in faded black ink; ‘8’ typed on the line in the TS and canceled in pencil. See revision at 415.20 and textual note at 408.24 .

Ⓐ Banner . . . Brown Man's?”] ‘Banner . . . Brown Man's.” ’, followed by a superscript ‘9’, added in faded black ink on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over; the ‘h’ of ‘has’ mended from ‘H’; ‘9’ typed on the line in the TS and canceled in pencil; then superscript ‘9.’ added and the question mark mended from the period, both in pencil. See textual note at 408.24 .

Ⓐ Star-Spangled Banner,] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘Placard,’.

Ⓐ seven] originally ‘seven’; the italics canceled in pencil, ‘seven’ canceled and ‘seven’ interlined with a caret in faded black ink.

Ⓐ McGugie] originally ‘McGugle’; the ‘l’ canceled and ‘i’ interlined with a caret in pencil. See textual notes.

Ⓐ killed.”] followed by superscript ‘10’ and canceled instructions to turn over; ‘10’ typed on the line in the TS. See textual note at 408.24 .

Ⓐ Star-Spangled] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘Black’.

Ⓐ persuade] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘teach’.

Ⓐ neighbors—. . . ‘patriotism.’ ”] originally ‘neighbors.” ’; the quotation marks canceled, the period mended to a dash, and ‘and to add the last possible infamy to the act by naming it ‘patriotism.’ ” ’ added in faded black ink; ‘to add . . . by naming’ canceled and ‘call’ interlined with a caret in pencil.

Ⓐ clergyman.] followed by squeezed-in ‘Court moss-grown with age since trial of the case began.’ in pencil on the MS; the addition canceled in pencil on the TS.

Ⓐ 1800] the ‘8’ written over ‘7’.

Ⓐ and all hands] follows wiped-out and canceled ‘and nobo’.

Ⓐ without complaint] originally ‘without thought of complaint’; ‘thought of’ canceled on the TS in pencil.

Ⓐ Banner,] interlined with a caret in faded black ink to replace canceled ‘Banner,’; an unrecovered word added beneath the line in faded black ink and canceled in pencil.

Ⓐ “When . . . other.”] added in faded black ink on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over to replace ‘ “America the Land of the Meek.” ’ canceled in faded black ink on the recto.

Ⓐ Roasting passenger] originally ‘Passenger’; ‘Roasting’ interlined with a caret, wiped out, and then retraced; the ‘P’ of ‘Passenger’ not reduced to ‘p’.

Ⓐ piously] follows a canceled comma.

Ⓐ in fortifying] interlined with a caret above canceled ‘in preparing’.

Ⓐ public.”] originally followed by paragraph ‘9th Group. The mayor fishing for Irish votes; the flag at full mast and the kindly Queen dead.’ canceled on the TS.

Ⓐ 9th Group . . . patients.] ‘10th Group . . . patients’ added on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over. See textual notes.

Ⓐ 10th Group.] ‘11th Group’ in MS; originally ‘10th Group.’; a ‘1’ written over the zero. See textual note at 416.22 .

Ⓐ hells.] followed by superscript ‘11’ in the MS; ‘11’ typed on the line in the TS. See textual note at 408.24 .

Ⓐ owned . . . leader,] interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ print.] followed by canceled ‘Leader's name—’.

Ⓐ $50] followed by ‘apiece’ canceled on the TS.

Ⓐ undergoing treatment] interlined with a caret in pencil above canceled ‘being treated’.

Ⓐ unnameable] interlined with a caret in pencil above canceled ‘sexual’.

Ⓐ sarcastic] interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ IN OUR] originally ‘IT IS’; ‘IN’ mended from ‘IT’; ‘IS’ canceled.

Ⓐ Frivolous] interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ the] interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ Ceremonies.] originally followed by ‘To the Stranger.’; ‘Frivolous’ interlined with a caret before ‘Stranger’ on the MS; ‘To . . . Stranger’ canceled in pencil on the TS.

Ⓐ property—] followed by canceled ‘to-wit:’.

Ⓐ A Crowned . . . concubines—joint property of the Firm.] added on the verso of the MS page with instructions to turn over; ‘Crowned’, ‘joint’ and ‘joint’ interlined with carets; on the TS, ‘Sultan’ interlined with a caret above canceled ‘Monarch’.

Ⓐ last. But . . . polluted?”] originally ‘last.” ’; on the TS, the quotation marks canceled and ‘But . . . polluted?” ’ added. See textual note.

Ⓐ Declaration of Independence.] added in pencil.

Ⓐ Ibid.] added in pencil.

Ⓐ Declaration of Independence.] added in pencil.

Ⓐ World] originally ‘world’; the ‘W’ of ‘World’ mended from ‘w’ in pencil.

Ⓐ extinguished and reversed.] originally ‘extinguished.’; ‘and reversed.’ added; the period following ‘extinguished’ inadvertently left standing.

Ⓐ Followed by . . . crêpe.] interlined to replace canceled heading ‘THE PRESIDENT’ and canceled ‘Bearing the American Flag—furled, draped with crêpe, and reversed.’; in the canceled paragraph ‘THE’ follows canceled ‘A’ and an unfinished letter, ‘furled,’ interlined with a caret above canceled ‘folded,’ and ‘draped . . . crêpe,’ interlined with a caret.

Ⓐ pained] interlined above ‘indignant’ in pencil on the TS.

Ⓐ pageant.] originally followed by paragraph ‘ “These pigmy traitors will pass and perish, and be forgotten—they and their treasons. And I will say again, with the hope and conviction of that other day of darkness and peril, ‘This nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom.’ ” ’; ‘they' follows canceled ‘I say it again’; ‘pigmy . . . treasons.’ canceled and ‘dark days, with their treasons, will pass, and be forgotten.’ interlined with a caret in pencil above the cancellation; then ‘ “These . . . freedom.’ ” ’ canceled in pencil.

Textual Notes The Stupendous Procession

Ⓐ The Stupendous Procession] Above the title on the typescript, Mark Twain wrote in pencil, “Motto—Indemnity, & ‘one-third extra—to be used in propagating the Gospel.’ As per unrepudiated statement of Rev. Dr. Ament, Dec. 24, 1900.” He later changed “propagating the Gospel” to “church expenses,” and canceled “un-repudiated.” Above this note, Paine, or perhaps Mark Twain, added an unrecoverable word and “1901” in black ink.

Ⓐ Supporters.] At the top of the manuscript page beginning here, Mark Twain wrote “Queen.”

Ⓐ MUSIC . . . Influence.)] Circled in the manuscript.

Ⓐ Purchases] The word is typed lower-case, and Mark Twain added quotation marks on the typescript instead of restoring the manuscript capital. An initial capital is consistent with the author's usage elsewhere in this work, and since the revision was occasioned by a typing error, the manuscript reading is preferred here.

Ⓐ Mutilated . . . “Madagascar;”] At the top of the typescript page beginning here, Mark Twain wrote in pencil “I also said, Shake off the dust (almost illegible),” then canceled “Shake off the dust” and substituted “Go into all the world.”

Ⓐ bearing] In the right margin of the typescript near this word, Mark Twain wrote in pencil, “report of Ament,” a note which was expanded in the next sentence, also added in pencil.

Ⓐ Fat Spanish Friar . . . carrion!”] Mark Twain added this passage on new manuscript pages 7 and 7A. The original page 7 was renumbered 7B, and its first sentence, which had been copied as the first sentence of the new page 7, was canceled (see revision at 409.9). A comparison of the edges of the torn half-sheets on which the manuscript is written reveals that the two inserted pages were originally the other halves of the last two pages of the manuscript and therefore were almost certainly written after completion of the first draft of the piece.

Ⓐ

again.”] Originally followed by a superscript “1,” the first of eleven such numbers written in faded black ink and referring, perhaps, to working notes or a source. Mark Twain deleted most of the numbers from the typescript. He overlooked “4,” “10,” and “11”; “9” was deleted, then reinscribed, perhaps by another hand. The proximity of the paragraph numbers which were added to the typescript beginning at 408.25 and continuing through 409.31 may indicate a relationship between them and the canceled numbers. All paragraph numbers except 3 and 4 directly follow or precede canceled superscripts. The superscript numbers originally appeared at:

408.24      again.”1
408.26      return.”2
409.2      Manila.”3
409.22      negroes—”4
409.27      Volunteers 5
409.31      Roll call:6
412.16      pollution.”7
415.25      him.”8
415.27      Man's?”9
415.32      killed.”10
416.25      hells.11

Ⓐ negroes—”] A superscript “4” appears in the typescript. See note at 408.24.

Ⓐ lot.”] Manuscript page 9 ends with “lot” followed by a comma, here emended to a period. Since neither “Another,” which begins the inserted new page 9A, nor “A Float,” which begins page 10, can appropriately follow a comma, it is possible that Mark Twain may have discarded one or more pages of manuscript here.

Ⓐ Another Stranger . . . sufficient, sir.”] Mark Twain added this passage on new manuscript pages 9A–9E, probably after inserting the new pages at 408.21–409.8. The original conclusion to the new passage, canceled on the typescript, is listed at 412.7 in Mark Twain's revisions.

Ⓐ 6,600 . . . 21,000] Mark Twain added up the recruiting figures on the verso of the previous manuscript page.

Ⓐ draft.”] Added to the manuscript in pencil in a space originally left blank. In the top right corner of the manuscript page Mark Twain wrote the cue word “conscription” in pencil.

Ⓐ discreetly] Mark Twain wrote “sorrowfully” above “discreetly” in pencil on the typescript. Although still legible, the penciled word is smeared, and since Mark Twain normally erased words by rubbing them out, the first reading has been retained.

Ⓐ Man's?”] A superscript “9” appears in the typescript. See note at 408.24.

Ⓐ McGugie] Mark Twain at first misspelled the name “McGugle.” His revision restores the name as it appeared in the newspapers.

Ⓐ killed.”] A superscript “10” appears on the typescript. See note at 408.24.

Ⓐ Disposed] In the left margin of the typescript Mark Twain wrote “The new hero.” in pencil. Although there is a caret, apparently added later, underneath the phrase, there is no appropriate place for it in the passage, and it appears to be a marginal note, not an interlineation.

Ⓐ 8th Group.] At about this point the ink color begins to change from black to faded black, and it becomes impossible to distinguish between earlier and later revisions.

Ⓐ 9th . . . 17th] Mark Twain canceled the original “ninth group” on the typescript but neglected to renumber the following groups.

Ⓐ hells.] A superscript “11” appears on the typescript. See note at 408.24.

Ⓐ But . . . polluted?”] Mark Twain added this sentence to the typescript without italics. Since manuscript italics have been restored throughout the work, italics have also been added here to conform with the first part of the motto.

Ⓐ THE PIRATE FLAG. . . . myself.”] In the manuscript as in the present text, “THE PIRATE FLAG.” is centered as a heading and “Inscribed” begins a new line. However, the typist indented both “THE PIRATE FLAG.” and “Inscribed . . . myself.’ ” as paragraphs. Presumably without checking the manuscript, the author made the passage into a single paragraph by marking “Inscribed” to run on after “FLAG.” Since this revision was occasioned by a typist's error, and since similar headings elsewhere in the piece follow the manuscript rather than the revised typescript form, the manuscript reading has been restored.

Ⓐ pageant.] At the foot of the last typescript page Mark Twain wrote in pencil, “The new Siamese twins—Gen. Funston & Judas Iscariot.” Below this note he wrote and canceled “The latest idea of a hero.”

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