Documents: Various of Clemens’s notebooks and letters, letters from members of his family (especially at CU-MARK and NPV, but also at other collections); Clemens’s will of 17 August 1909 (Probate Court, Redding, Conn., PH in CU-MARK, courtesy of Isabelle Budd); births, deaths, and marriages recorded in Mollie Clemens’s journal (MEC, 3, 8, 15, 20–21) and in Bibles that belonged to John Marshall Clemens and Jane Lampton Clemens, to Samuel E. and Mary Mantz Moffett (both in CU-MARK), and to Orion and Mollie Clemens (PH in CU-MARK); Annie Moffett Webster’s “Family Chronicle” (Webster 1918, 1–3, 24, 28, 38); the announcements of Clara Clemens’s marriages to Ossip Gabrilowitsch and Jacques Alexander Samossoud (CU-MARK); George E. Dutton, Jr., to John E. Landon, 10 July 1967, reporting the death of Doris Webb Webster (PH in CU-MARK); Annie Moffett Webster’s death certificate (NPV); an acknowledgment of condolences upon the death of William Luther Webster (NPV); handwritten notes by Ralph Connor accompanying the 10 June 1916 will of his mother-in-law, Alice Jane (Jean) Webster McKinney (NPV).

Published Sources: Standard biographical dictionaries (for example, DAB , NCAB ) and works on Mark Twain (for example, MTA , MTB , MTBus ); two genealogical studies (Bell, 26–27; Selby, passim); a study of Mark Twain’s connection with Elmira, New York (Jerome and Wisbey, 172, 236–37); and obituaries for: Henry Clemens (in “The Victims,” Memphis [Tenn.] Appeal, 22 June 58, 2); Ossip Gabrilowitsch (New York Times, 15 Sept 1936, 29); Alice Jane (Jean) Webster McKinney (New York Times, 12 June 1916, 11); Glenn Ford McKinney (New York Times, 16 Feb 1934, 19); Anita Moffett (Antiquarian Bookman 9 [19 Apr 1952]: 1491); Francis Clemens Moffett (New York Times, 6 Mar 1927, 26); Mary Mantz Moffett (New York Times, 3 Oct 1940, 25); Pamela A. Moffett (New York Times, 3 Sept 1904, 7); Samuel Erasmus Moffett (Collier’s 41 [15 Aug 1908]: 23); Clara Clemens Samossoud (New York Times, 21 Nov 1962, 30); Jacques Alexander Samossoud (New York Times, 15 June 1966, 47); and Samuel Charles Webster (New York Times, 26 Mar 1962, 31).

Otherwise authoritative sources give mistaken information about four of the individuals in this genealogy:

Henry Clemens. Samuel Clemens’s 21 June 1858 telegram to William A. Moffett (p. 85) establishes that Henry died that morning. This date is confirmed by the report of his death in the Memphis (Tenn.) Appeal of 22 June (“The Victims,” 2). Clemens subsequently misrecorded the date as 20 June in his mother’s Bible. Orion recorded the same incorrect date in his and Mollie’s Bible, Mollie repeated it in her journal (MEC, 8), and Albert Bigelow Paine used it in his account of Henry’s death ( MTB , 1:141–42). In 1876, Clemens mistakenly dated Henry’s death as 19 June (10 June 76 to John L. RoBards, MoHM).

Pleasant Hannibal Clemens. The only one of Clemens’s brothers and sisters for whom no birth or death dates were entered in the family Bibles. He was born after Pamela and before Margaret Clemens, late in 1828 or early in 1829, and died at three months of age. Some confusion exists about his name. Orion called him “Pleasant” (18 May 85 to SLC, CU-MARK), Clemens simply called him “Han” in “Villagers of 1840–3” ( Inds , 104), and Annie Moffett Webster called him both “Hannibal Pleasant” and “Pleasants Hannibal” (Webster 1918, 2; MTBus , 44). Both of his names were family names—John Marshall Clemens’s two brothers were Pleasant (1800–1811) and Hannibal (1803–36)—but since he was named after his paternal great-uncle Pleasant Goggin (1777–1831), it is most likely that his first name was “Pleasant” (Bell, 26–27; Selby, 77, 79, 93).

Ossip Gabrilowitsch. Gabrilowitsch’s birth date is given as 7 February 1878 in his New York Times obituary (15 Sept 1936, 29) and, with one exeption, in standard biographical dictionaries. The date appears as 8 February on his headstone in the Langdon-Clemens family plot in Woodlawn Cemetery, Elmira, New York. At least two studies adopt the date on the headstone (Selby, 89; Jerome and Wisbey, 236 [but see also 172]), and one biographical dictionary also specifies 8 February ( NCAB , 27:80).

Pamela A. Moffett. Pamela died on 31 August 1904 (New York Times, 3 Sept 1904, 7; Webster 1918, 3). Clemens mistakenly recorded her death date in his notebook as 1 September 1904, and Paine published this inaccurate notebook entry twice ( MTB , 3:1224; MTN , 392; the original document is in CU-MARK).

Pamela Clemens’s first name is given here in accord with her preferred usage, although in fact she was named for her paternal grandmother, Pamelia Goggin, and occasionally signed herself Pamelia ( MTBus , 4–5; quit-claim deed from Pamelia A. Moffett to Charles L. Webster, 17 Oct 81, NPV).

Documents: Birthday book presented to Eleanor Sayles Langdon by Susan Langdon Crane in 1919, now at the Center for Mark Twain Studies at Quarry Farm, Elmira (confirmation of Jervis Langdon’s birthdate); Jervis Langdon, Jr., to Dahlia Armon, 27 Mar 1986, CU-MARK (source of the marriage date of his father and Eleanor Sayles).

Published Sources: Biographical dictionaries ( NCAB , Who Was Who ); a genealogy of the Crane family (Crane, 141); Jerome and Wisbey, 236–37; a history of Chemung County, New York (Towner, 609–17); Thomas K. Beecher’s obituary address for Jervis Langdon; and obituaries for: Jervis Langdon (Elmira Saturday Evening Review, 13 Aug 70); Ida Clark Langdon (New York Times, 17 Dec 1934, 23); Jervis Langdon (Elmira Star-Gazette, 17 Dec 1952); Ida Langdon (New York Times, 9 Oct 1964, 29); and Eleanor Sayles Langdon (New York Times, 16 June 1971, 48).