28 February 1862 • Carson City, Nev. Terr. (MS, damage emended: ViU, UCCL 00037)
P.S. Frank Ayres says he will take out the opera glass for me. Tell Oliver that Col. O. will send his trunk out by Weaver, if Weave concludes to go. 1explanatory note
The expressman has just arrived, bringing your letter and Capt. Pfersdorff’s, and my deed and John Kinney’s.2explanatory note (Kinney leaves for the States to-morrow, overland.) Bully for you! You seem to be my getting Ⓐemendationalong swimmingly. And a thousand thanks for your liberality to me. “We may be happy yet,”3explanatory note you know. Damn the day I left Unionville before there was any necessit ary Ⓐemendationfor it. For I have been sitting here swearing like a trooper ever since I arrived—and so far from being able to get out of town, one can hardly even get into the street. I am glad you have secured that lot for me, for I think, myself, it is much the best Ⓐemendationof the two. Speaking of that “National” ground, P. W. Van Winkle told me to-day that he had been trying to buy a portion of it, but Mr. Fall had concluded not to sell.—Ⓐemendationis going to keep his ground, and go out to Unionville himself.4explanatory note However, I will try and find Fall to-morrow Ⓐemendationmyself; and if I can get the ground for Sam, it shall be done—you bet.5explanatory note Bully for the “Annie Moffett”! (have you spelled it right?) I wouldn’t have had you forget Annie for anything. I shall think a good deal of that 300 feet.6explanatory note
Well, Billy, I can’t tell just when I shall get back to Humboldt, but I am going to Esmeralda with Bunker in a week or ten days from now.7explanatory note It would suit me the best in the world to help shove the wagon out again., Ⓐemendationand if you and Dad8explanatory note think you will be in shortly, I will time myself accordingly. in margin: Humboldt is the country Ⓐemendationfor us—you bet it is.
Keep your eye on the old man, Billy, and don’t let him get too enthusiastic, because if he does, he will begin to feel young again, like he did when he fell in the river at Honey-Lake’s;9explanatory note and being a lecherous old cuss anyhow, he might vi ravish Ⓐemendationone of those Pi-Utes and bring on an Indian war, you know. So, just keep an eye on him.
Oh, d—n that dog. He was always an ungrateful brute. Still, we stole him, and it was but natural that we should overlook his faults and love the so long-legged Ⓐemendationson-of-a-bitch anyhow. But Alas, poor Tom! He had a good, kind Ⓐemendationcountenance, and a tender heart, and a long nose—and he was always cold. But he hath gone the way of the beautiful—even as the flowers, that bloom, and wither and die, and are seen no more forever. Peace to his ashes, and damnation to his destroyer. Amen. But I know all about this business. “Kurney” is at the bottom of it. He always had designs against Tom’s life ever since Tom lammed him at Willow Grove.10explanatory note Now between you and I, Billy, I set that dog “Kurney” down for a bloodthirsty desperado, the first time I ever looked into his vindictive countenance. And I said to myself, “Now there is a dog which is capable of doing the darkest deeds—and mind, you, Ⓐemendationmy boy, he’ll die with his boots on.” I am astonished that Dad should keep such a reckless beast about him—and still more astonished that he should permit him to run at large. “ ProdigiousⒶemendation!”
Good for Billy Dixon and Judge Clagett.11explanatory note Which reminds me that we Orion Ⓐemendationreceived a letter yesterday from his wife, in which she said your wife was very low-spirited and uneasy, and that, save through our letters, she has not heard from you since Christmas. I answered the letter right away—and if she tells your wife half I intended her to be told, I don’t think she will be uneasy any longer. May be I didn’t confine myself strictly to the truth, you know, but n’importe, my friend, “the end justifies the means,” always. She has received the letters I brought from Humboldt by this time, though. I must be on hand to help you build your house, Billy. I feel like an old hand at that business. Indeed, it a is Ⓐemendationa great source of gratification to me to review my efforts up there in the gulch.12explanatory note I hope I am not vain-glorious—but, if I do possess one shining talent, I think it is that of building willow houses out of rocks and dirt and things.
“Played out?” Is it true, though? Hath it actually come to pass? Amen, then—and a Amen. ⒶemendationSic transit gloria mundi!, glory be to God. Amen. I have swung my hat and shouted, “A “So Ⓐemendationmote it be.” Alas, how have the mighty fallen! Yet we will be merciful, and temper the wind to the shorn lamb.13explanatory note
Orion went to the postoffice as soon as we had finished reading your letter, but the expressman had already been there and got everything that belonged to you. Orion told the P. M. to put your letters in our box hereafter, so that we can mail them in a large envelop. I prepaid the express on my letter to you, Billy. I hope you did not have to pay again. We intend to send you the envelops by the expressman to-morrow, if he will take them.
Well, Billy, tell Tom Smith14explanatory note that they’ve been and gone and done it. Old Curtis, you know. He has thrashed our Missourians like everything. But by the Lord, they didn’t do it on the Sacred Soil, my boy. They had to chase ’em clear down into Arkansas before they could whip them. There’s consolation in that. If they had remained on the Soil, Curtis couldn’t have done it. It’s all in the Soil, you know. Take a Missourian on his own soil, and he is invincible.15explanatory note Now, when I was on the soil, I used to be as terrible as an army with banners;16explanatory note but out here on this quartz foundation, you see, I don’t amount to a Damn. That’s what’s the matter with me. And they have taken Fort Henry, and Fort Donelson, and the half of Tennessee—and the stars and stripes wave over the Capitol at Nashville.17explanatory note
And tell old Sam Montgomery that I have written to several different persons concerning his brother Jim, and I guess I’ll hear from some of them before long. Give my very best regards to the boys, and tell Tom to “stand by!” and be prepared to bet on the black horse18explanatory note—for with the assistance of that animal and a euchre deck, we’ll make paupers of you and Sam when I get back. But I’ll be d—d if you shall starve, either of you, my lads, even if though Ⓐemendationyou are Southerners. in margin: Keep your eye skinned, Billy, and steal another dog—you and Dad.
Convey unto Dad my most high-toned love and veneration, and tell him to learn to get up early. I get up as early as 7 8 Ⓐemendationo’clock, sometimes, on purpose Ⓐemendationto enjoy the gorgeous spectacle of r SunriseⒶemendation. After signifying my approbation, I go back to bed, again. ⒶemendationI have been practising this sort of thing for some, timeⒶemendation, and I mean to keep it up, for I am already improving in health, and am convinced that early rising is the cause of it. By the way, has “the old man” built that chimney to Fort Briggs, yet?19explanatory note I intended to show him how to do it before I left, but I forgot it. T However Ⓐemendation, tell him to copy of after Ⓐemendationthe plan of the fire-place we built in the gulch, and it will do. I superintended that little piece of architecture, you know, and I confess that I am rather proud of it than otherwise.
And look here, you fellows. You can’t depend on the Colonel and I, d—n you, but you must send your petitions for mail routes to the Governor. And you have had your trouble for your pains, and I am not sorry. You can just learn better, now, and get up your petitions again; for they have not been heard of since the expressman delivered them at the Governor’s office. They are lost, my boy.
Billy, if you have altered your name in your seal,20explanatory note perhaps you had better send Orion a new copy to be filed here. Orion sends his love.
Orion has written to Capt. Pfersdorff, and enclosed the last dispatches. If there is anything important in the morning paper, I will send it with this.
A lot of my old St. Louis chums will be out in the Spring—and when we get Billy Dixon & the other Keokuk boys here, Oh, no, we won’t stuff ballot-boxes and go to Congress nor nothing. By no means. “I hope I’m not a oyster though I may not wish to live in crowds.” Now I don’t mean to say that Nipper’s remark is by at Ⓐemendationall pertinent, you know, but I just happened to think of “them old Skettleses,” and the quotation followed as a matter of course. And equally of course, the whole Dombey family come trooping after: Cap’en Ed’ard Cuttle, mariner, as Uncle Sol’s successor, polishing the chronometers, and making calculations concerning the ebb and flow of the human tide in the street; and watching the stars with a growing interest, as if he felt that he had fallen air heir Ⓐemendationto a certain amount of stock in them; and that old fool of a nurse at Brighton, who thought the house was so “gashly;” and “that Innocent,” Toots; and the fated Biler; and Florence, my darling; and “rough old Joey B., Sir;” and “Wal’r, my lad,” and the Cap’en’s eccentric timepiece, and his sugar tongs, and other little property which he “made over” jintly;” Ⓐemendationand looming grandly in the rear, comes ponderous Jack Bunsby! Oh, d—n it, I wish I had the book.21explanatory note Good-bye to you all, Billy, & neglect no opportunity to write.
P.S.—Run for Recorder. We have bought a fine pair of hay-scales, and if we go to Humboldt after a while, we’ll probably have them shipped there from Folsom to weigh your quartz with. How would that pay? Then we could weigh, work the “process” and do your Recorder business and leave you entirely free when legal business was pressing.22explanatory note When you write me (to Carson, always,) mention all these things in such a way that Orion cannot understand them. I don’t care a d—n for failures and disappointments, but they nearly kill him, you know.
P.P.S. Get the right from Supervisors to put our Scales where all the rock will have to pass over them on its way to the mills.
in ink: Wm. H. Clagett, Esq. | Unionville, | Humboldt Co. | Nevada Ty no postage stamp
Mentioned here are Clemens’s friends Augustus (Gus) Oliver and John B. Onstine. Ayres may have been “F. Aires,” who, along with Clemens, reportedly was among the earliest prospectors to arrive in Unionville, “soon after the arrival of the first party of explorers” in May 1861 (Angel, 459). Weaver has not been identified.
On 28 January 1862 Clemens had paid Hugo Pfersdorff $100 for ten feet in the Alba Nueva ledge in the Buena Vista district of Humboldt County. On the same date John D. Kinney paid Pfersdorff $500 for ten feet in the National ledge in the same district (deeds in CU-MARK).
An aria from English composer Michael William Balfe’s 1844 opera, The Daughter of St. Mark. The libretto was written by the English theatrical manager Alfred Bunn (Sears, 603; BBC, 1:57, 4:1161).
P. W. Van Winkle was a Carson City notary public (advertisement, Carson City Silver Age, 15 Sept 61, 1; Kelly 1863, 111). John C. Fall, formerly of Marysville, California, was a Carson City banker and merchant. He was one of the initial investors in Humboldt County mining properties, and he owned the Pioneer Mill near Unionville, the first quartz mill in the Buena Vista district. As a major owner and superintendent of the rich Arizona mine, discovered near Unionville in 1863, he continued to be identified with the town’s affairs into the 1870s (Angel, 450, 459, 555; Wyoming 1862, 1). He may have regretted his decision not to sell his National holdings, for, like most other mines in the Buena Vista area, the coveted National failed to live up to early expectations.
Sam Montgomery, of Unionville, was a southerner who had begun prospecting in the Buena Vista district soon after its exploration by Hugo Pfersdorff in May 1861 (Angel, 459).
The “Anne Moffatt” ledge was located in the Buena Vista district, about one mile southwest of Unionville (Milleson map). No further information about this claim has been discovered.
In fact, Clemens did not go to the Esmeralda mining district until early April 1862.
Cornbury S. Tillou, Clemens’s companion on his December 1861 trip to Humboldt County, also referred to as “the old man.”
Honey Lake Smith’s, a trading post and stage station, earlier called Williams’ Station, was on the north bank of the Carson River on the road from Carson City to Unionville. The site, near the present town of Silver Springs, is now covered by the waters of the Lahontan Reservoir (Gianella, 4–7). It was there that Clemens was marooned in January 1862 while returning from Unionville to Carson City. Since his companions at the time evidently did not include Tillou, it may be that the blacksmith fell in the Carson River on his way to Unionville with Clemens in December 1861 (see 30 Jan 62 to JLC, nn. 3click to open link, 4click to open link, 13click to open link).
“Willow” was “the name of most frequent occurrence in Nevada, used principally for creeks and springs for willow trees growing there” (Carlson, 247). Clemens’s Willow Grove has not been identified.
William W. Dixon of Keokuk, Iowa, and William Clagett’s father, Thomas W. Clagett, who served in the Iowa legislature and as a judge of the district court. Dixon, aged twenty-five, was a Keokuk notary public and lawyer, the son of Thomas Clagett’s law partner, George C. Dixon. William Clagett’s good news probably was that his father and Dixon would be coming to Nevada. Judge Clagett did not make the trip (see 8 and 9 Mar 62 to Clagettclick to open link), but Dixon arrived in 1862 and served as prosecuting attorney for Humboldt County from 22 December 1862 until 9 January 1863 (Stiles, 348; OC 1856, 61, 65; OC 1857, 24; Dixon, 4:249; Angel, 448).
Clemens alludes to the “small, rude cabin” that he, Clagett, Oliver, and Tillou had built in Unionville in December 1861 (see Roughing It, chapter 28).
“So mote it be” was a prayer response in some Masonic initiation rites, including those for two of the degrees Clemens had attained in St. Louis in 1861: Entered Apprentice and Master Mason (Macoy, 24–25, 68). The concluding allusions are to 2 Samuel 1:25 (“How are the mighty fallen in the midst of the battle!“) and Laurence Sterne’s version of a French proverb: “God tempers the wind . . . to the shorn lamb” (“Maria,” in A Sentimental Journey through France and Italy, 1768).
A Unionville acquaintance (see also 17 May 62 to OC, n. 2click to open link).
On 13 February 1862 General Samuel R. Curtis’s Union forces moved southward through divided Missouri into Springfield, driving the rebel troops under General Sterling Price—“largely made up of Missouri militia”—across the state line into Arkansas. “This movement for the time, freed the State of the presence of armed opponents of the General government; and the St. Louis papers of February 22, announced with no little satisfaction, that ‘the last vestige of military insurrection had been swept away’” (Davis and Durrie, 172, 174). Clemens’s remarks here, while they do not evidence any profound conviction or concern, show his sympathies to be with Price’s defeated troops.
Song of Solomon 6:10.
Ulysses S. Grant had captured Fort Henry and Fort Donelson, both in Tennessee, on 6 February and 16 February 1862, respectively. These victories were the first major Union triumphs of the war; they opened the way for the advance on Nashville, the Confederate capital of Tennessee, which was occupied by Union troops on 25 February.
The following bill of sale for this animal is entirely in Clemens’s hand (Clagett, PH in CU-MARK):
Carson City, Dec. 1st, 1861
Wm. H. Clagett,
Bought of Sam. L. Clemens,
One Black Horse—white face— — $45.00
Rec’d Payment,
Sam. L. Clemens.
It is likely that this was the original of the “Genuine Mexican Plug,” which, according to chapter 24 of Roughing It, Clemens was unable to sell or trade and finally gave “to a passing Arkansas emigrant whom fortune delivered into my hand.”
Possibly a reference to a house in Unionville being constructed by Tillou. He and Clagett owned adjoining lots there (Fred Clagett to Edgar M. Branch, 15 May 1984).
Used by Clagett in his capacity as a Unionville notary public.
Dombey and Son, which Clemens had taken with him to Humboldt in December 1861 (see 30 Jan 62 to JLCclick to open link).
Clagett never became the Humboldt County recorder. William Brayton, the incumbent at this time, had been elected in January 1862 and would be re-elected the following September (Angel, 448).
Although the MS itself is not especially difficult to read, discoloration in the damaged areas makes the best attainable photographs virtually illegible and thus not worth publishing here.
MS, Clifton Waller Barrett Library, University of Virginia (ViU). Damage emended at 164.1, 164.13, and 164.21–22 where the MS is heavily worn along the folds.
L1 , 163–169.
deposited at ViU on 23 Apr 1960.
More information on provenance may be found in Description of Provenanceclick to open link.